Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine disease characterized by a state of
hyperglycemia (higher level of glucose in the blood than usual). DM and its complications can lead
to diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). DFU is associated with impaired wound healing, due to inappropriate
cellular and cytokines response, infection, poor vascularization, and neuropathy. Effective therapeutic
strategies for the management of impaired wound could be attained through a better insight of
molecular mechanism and pathophysiology of diabetic wound healing. Nanotherapeutics-based
agents engineered within 1–100 nm levels, which include nanoparticles and nanoscaffolds, are recent
promising treatment strategies for accelerating diabetic wound healing. Nanoparticles are smaller in
size and have high surface area to volume ratio that increases the likelihood of biological interaction
and penetration at wound site. They are ideal for topical delivery of drugs in a sustained manner,
eliciting cell-to-cell interactions, cell proliferation, vascularization, cell signaling, and elaboration of biomolecules necessary for effective wound healing. Furthermore, nanoparticles have the ability to
deliver one or more therapeutic drug molecules, such as growth factors, nucleic acids, antibiotics,
and antioxidants, which can be released in a sustained manner within the target tissue. This review
focuses on recent approaches in the development of nanoparticle-based therapeutics for enhancing
diabetic wound healing.