Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of mortality in patients with lung cancer. Despite the availability of a wide range of anticoagulants to help prevent thrombosis, thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory patients is a challenge due to its associated risk of haemorrhage. As a result, anticoagulation is only recommended in patients with a relatively high risk of VTE. Efforts have been made to develop predictive models for VTE risk assessment in cancer patients, but the availability of a reliable predictive model for ambulate patients with lung cancer is unclear.
Name of Model (Author, Year) | Cancer Type for Model Derivation | Predictors | Score | High Risk | Validated By First Author, Year |
Cancer Type for Model Validation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Khorana Score (Khorana, 2008) [17] |
various | Cancer tissue: | Score ≥ 3 | # | Alexander 2019 [38] | Alexander 2019 [51] | NSCLC | ||
|
| 2 | |||||||
|
| 1 | van Es 2020 [41] | van Es 2020 [58] | Various (lung cancer 58%) | ||||
Platelet count ≥ 350 × 10 | 9 | /L | 1 | Vathiotis 2018 [39] | Vathiotis 2018 [56] | Lung adenocarcinoma | |||
Haemoglobin < 100 g/L and/or use of ESA | 1 | Kuderer 2018 [25] | Lung cancer (84% NSCLC) | ||||||
Leukocyte count >11 × 10 | 9 | /L | 1 | Rupa-Matysek 2018 [23] | Lung cancer (97/118 NSCLC) | ||||
BMI ≥ 35 kg/m | 2 | 1 | Mansfield 2016 [40] | Mansfield 2016 [57] | Lung cancer (87.1% NSCLC) | ||||
PROTECHT (Verso 2012) [20] |
various | As Khorana Score, but | Score ≥ 3 | Alexander 2019 [38] | Alexander 2019 [51] | NSCLC | |||
adds | gemcitabine chemotherapy, and | 1 | Rupa-Matysek 2018 [23] | Lung cancer (NSCLC 97/118) | |||||
platinum chemotherapy | 1 | ||||||||
CONKO (Pelzer 2013) [21] |
various | As Khorana Score, but s | Score ≥ 3 | Alexander 2019 [38] | Alexander 2019 [51] | NSCLC | |||
removes | BMI ≥ 35 kg/m | 2 | , and | Rupa-Matysek 2018 [23] | Lung cancer (NSCLC 97/118) | ||||
adds | ECOG PS ≥ 2 | 1 | |||||||
COMPASS-CAT (Gerotziafas 2017) [22] |
Various (13% lung cancer) |
Anthracycline treatment | 6 | Score ≥ 7 | Spyropoulos 2020 [43] | Spyropoulos 2020 [60] | Various (29.05% lung cancer) | ||
Time since cancer diagnosis ≤ 6 months | 4 | ||||||||
Central venous catheter | 3 | ||||||||
Advanced stage of cancer | 2 | ||||||||
Cardiovascular risk factors present | 5 | Syrigos 2018 [24] | Lung adenocarcinoma | ||||||
Hospitalisation for acute medical Illness | 2 | Score ≥ 11 | Rupa-Matysek 2018 [23] | Lung cancer (97/118 NSCLC) | |||||
A history of VTE | 1 | ||||||||
Platelet count ≥ 350 × 10 | 9 | /L | 2 | ||||||
ROADMAP-CAT (Syrigos 2018) [24] |
Lung adenocarcinoma | Procoag-PPL < 44 s, | and | MRI < 125 nM/min |
1 | † | score = 1 | ||
HS D-dimer (Ferroni 2012) [42] | HS D-dimer (Ferroni 2012) [59] |
Lung cancer | Khorana Score intermediate group | adds | high-sensitive D-Dimer | Khorana Score 1–2 and HS D-dimer ≥ 1500 ng/mL |
|||
Model 1 (Alexander 2019) [38] | Model 1 (Alexander 2019) [51] |
NSCLC | Baseline fibrinogen ≥ 4.0 g/L and baselie D-dimer ≥ 0.5 mg/L | 1 | Score ≥ 1 | Underway ACTRN12618000811202 [38] | Underway ACTRN12618000811202 [51] | NSCLC | |
Baseline D-dimer ≥ 1.5 mg/L | 1 | ||||||||
Month-1 D-dimer ≥ 1.5 mg/L | 1 |