Wind Turbines Vibration Control: Comparison
View Latest Version
Please note this is a comparison between Version 2 by Conner Chen and Version 1 by Ali Awada.

The larger wind turbines are facing higher loads, and the imperatives of mass reduction make them more flexible. Size increase of wind turbines results in higher structural vibrations that reduce the lifetime of the components (blades, main shaft, bearings, generator, gearbox, etc.) and might lead to failure or destruction. Different systems to control the vibration of wind turbines are available, acting either on the tower or directly on the blade.

  • wind turbine
  • vibration control
Please wait, diff process is still running!

References

  1. Fronk, B.M.; Neal, R.; Garimella, S. Evolution of the Transition to a World Driven by Renewable Energy. J. Energy Resour. Technol. 2010, 132, 021009.
  2. Global Wind Energy Council. Global Wind Report; Global Wind Energy Council: Brussels, Belgium, 2017.
  3. Park, S.; Lackner, M.A.; Cross-Whiter, J.; Tsouroukdissian, A.R.; La Cava, W. An Investigation of Passive and Semi-Active Tuned Mass Dampers for A Tension Leg Platform Floating Offshore Wind Turbine in Uls Conditions. In Proceedings of the ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, American Society of Mechanical Engineers Digital Collection, Busan, Korea, 19–24 June 2016.
  4. Wiser, R.; Hand, M.; Seel, J.; Paulos, B. Reducing Wind Energy Costs through Increased Turbine Size: Is the Sky the Limit? Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: Berkeley, CA, USA, 2016.
  5. Caduff, M.; Huijbregts, M.A.J.; Althaus, H.-J.; Koehler, A.; Hellweg, S. Wind Power Electricity: The Bigger the Turbine, The Greener the Electricity? Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 4725–4733.
  6. Veers, P.S.; Ashwill, T.D.; Sutherland, H.J.; Laird, D.L.; Lobitz, D.W.; Griffin, D.A.; Mandell, J.F.; Musial, W.D.; Jackson, K.; Zuteck, M.; et al. Trends in the Design, Manufacture and Evaluation of Wind Turbine Blades. Wind Energy 2003, 6, 245–259.
  7. Rezaeiha, A.; Pereira, R.; Kotsonis, M. Fluctuations of angle of attack and lift coefficient and the resultant fatigue loads for a large Horizontal Axis Wind turbine. Renew. Energy 2017, 114, 904–916.
  8. Hansen, M.H. Aeroelastic instability problems for wind turbines. Wind Energy Int. J. Prog. Appl. Wind Power Convers. Technol. 2007, 10, 551–577.
  9. Qiao, Y.; Han, S.; Deng, Y.; Liu, Y.; Dong, J.; Pan, L.; Li, R.; Zhao, B. Research on variable pitch control strategy of wind turbine for tower vibration reduction. J. Eng. 2017, 2017, 2005–2008.
  10. Dean, W.D. Wind Turbine Mechanical Vibrations: Potential Environmental Threat. Energy Env. 2008, 19, 303–307.
  11. Barlas, T.; van Kuik, G. Review of state of the art in smart rotor control research for wind turbines. Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 2010, 46, 1–27.
  12. Johnson, S.J.; Baker, J.P.; van Dam, C.P.; Berg, D. Active Load Control Techniques for Wind Turbines; Sandia National Laboratories: Albuquerque, NM, USA, 2008.
  13. Bossanyi, E.A. The design of closed loop controllers for wind turbines. Wind Energy Int. J. Prog. Appl. Wind Power Convers. Technol. 2000, 3, 149–163.
  14. Bossanyi, E.A. Individual blade pitch control for load reduction. Wind Energy Int. J. Prog. Appl. Wind Power Convers. Technol. 2003, 6, 119–128.
  15. Bossanyi, E. Developments in Individual Blade Pitch Control. In The Science of Making Torque From the Wind; IOP Publishing: Bristol, UK, 2004.
  16. Bossanyi, E.A. Further load reductions with individual pitch control. Wind Energy Int. J. Prog. Appl. Wind Power Convers. Technol. 2005, 8, 481–485.
  17. Bossanyi, E.; Wright, A. Field testing of individual pitch control on the NREL CART-2 wind turbine. In Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Conference, Marseille, France, 16–19 March 2009.
  18. Bossanyi, E.A.; Fleming, P.A.; Wright, A.D. Validation of Individual Pitch Control by Field Tests on Two- and Three-Bladed Wind Turbines. Ieee Trans. Control. Syst. Technol. 2013, 21, 1067–1078.
  19. Larsen, T.J.; Madsen, H.A.; Thomsen, K. Active load reduction using individual pitch, based on local blade flow measurements. Wind Energy Int. J. Prog. Appl. Wind Power Convers. Technol. 2005, 8, 67–80.
  20. Jamieson, P.M.; Hornzee-Jones, C.; Moroz, E.M.; Blakemore, R.W. Variable Diameter Wind Turbine Rotor Blades. U.S. Patent 6,972,498, 6 December 2005.
  21. GE Wind Energy, L.L.C. Advanced Wind Turbine Program Next Generation Turbine Development Project; NREL/SR-500-38752; National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL): Golden, CO, USA, 2006.
  22. Chopra, I. Review of state of art of smart structures and integrated systems. Aiaa J. 2002, 40, 2145–2187.
  23. Berg, D.E.; Zayas, J.R.; Lobitz, D.W.; van Dam, C.P.; Chow, R.; Baker, J.P. Active Aerodynamic Load Control of Wind Turbine Blades; Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM): Albuquerque, NM, USA, 2007.
  24. Lachenal, X.; Daynes, S.; Weaver, P.M. Review of morphing concepts and materials for wind turbine blade applications. Wind. Energy 2012, 16, 283–307.
  25. Roth, D.; Enenkl, B.; Dieterich, O. Active rotor control by flaps for vibration reduction-full scale demonstrator and first flight test results. In Proceedings of the 32nd European Rotorcraft Forum, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 12–14 September 2006.
  26. Thakur, S.; Saha, N. Load Reduction on Offshore Wind Turbines by Aerodynamic Flaps. In Proceedings of the ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Trondheim, Norway, 25–30 June 2017.
  27. Troldborg, N. Computational study of the Risø-B1-18 airfoil with a hinged flap providing variable trailing edge geometry. Wind Eng. 2005, 29, 89–113.
  28. Basualdo, S. Load alleviation on wind turbine blades using variable airfoil geometry. Wind Eng. 2005, 29, 169–182.
  29. Buhl, T.; Gaunaa, M.; Bak, C. Potential Load Reduction Using Airfoils with Variable Trailing Edge Geometry. J. Sol. Energy Eng. 2005, 127, 503–516.
  30. van Wingerden, J.-W.; Hulskamp, A.; Barlas, A.; Houtzager, I.; Bersee, H.; van Kuik, G.; Verhaegen, M. Two-degree-of-freedom active vibration control of a prototyped “smart” rotor. Ieee Trans. Control Syst. Technol. 2010, 19, 284–296.
  31. Ferede, E.; Gandhi, F. Load Alleviation on Wind Turbines using Camber Morphing Blade Tip. In Proceedings of the 2018 Wind Energy Symposium, Kissimmee, FL, USA, 8–12 January 2018.
  32. Andersen, P.B.; Henriksen, L.; Gaunaa, M.; Bak, C.; Buhl, T. Deformable trailing edge flaps for modern megawatt wind turbine controllers using strain gauge sensors. Wind. Energy Int. J. Prog. Appl. Wind Power Convers. Technol. 2010, 13, 193–206.
  33. van Wingerden, J.W.; Hulskamp, A.W.; Barlas, T.; Marrant, B.; van Kuik, G.A.M.; Molenaar, D.P.; Verhaegen, M. On the proof of concept of a ‘smart’wind turbine rotor blade for load alleviation. Wind. Energy Int. J. Prog. Appl. Wind Power Convers. Technol. 2008, 11, 265–280.
  34. Kota, S. Compliant systems using monolithic mechanisms. Smart Mater. Bull. 2001, 2001, 7–10.
  35. Kota, S.; Hetrick, J.A.; Osborn, R.; Paul, D.; Pendleton, E.; Flick, P.; Tilmann, C. Design and Application of Compliant Mechanisms for Morphing Aircraft Structures. In Smart Structures and Materials 2003: Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies; International Society for Optics and Photonics: Bellingham, WA, USA, 2003.
  36. Shili, L.; Wenjie, G.; Shujun, L. Optimal Design of Compliant Trailing Edge for Shape Changing. Chin. J. Aeronaut. 2008, 21, 187–192.
  37. Castaignet, D.; Barlas, T.K.; Buhl, T.; Poulsen, N.K.; Wedel-Heinen, J.J.; Olesen, N.A.; Bak, C.; Kim, T. Full-scale test of trailing edge flaps on a Vestas V27 wind turbine: Active load reduction and system identification. Wind Energy 2013, 17, 549–564.
  38. van Dam, C.P.; Chow, R.; Zayas, J.R.; Berg, E.D. Computational Investigations of Small Deploying Tabs and Flaps for Aerodynamic Load Control. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2007, 75, 012027.
  39. Chow, R.; van Dam, C.P. On the temporal response of active load control devices. Wind. Energy Int. J. Prog. Appl. Wind Power Convers. Technol. 2010, 13, 135–149.
  40. Yen, D.; van Dam, C.; Braeuchle, F.; Smith, R.; Collins, S. Active load control and lift enhancement using MEM translational tabs. In Proceedings of the Fluids 2000 Conference and Exhibit; American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Denver, CO, USA, 19–22 June 2000.
  41. Yen, D.; van Dam, C.; Smith, R.; Collins, S. Active load control for wind turbine blades using MEM translational tabs. In Proceedings of the 20th 2001 ASME Wind Energy Symposium; American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), Reno, NV, USA, 11–14 January 2001.
  42. Chow, R.; van Dam, C. Computational investigations of deploying load control microtabs on a wind turbine airfoil. In Proceedings of the 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, USA, 8–11 January 2007.
  43. Mayda, E.; van Dam, C.; Nakafuji, D. Computational investigation of finite width microtabs for aerodynamic load control. In Proceedings of the 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, USA, 10–13 January 2005.
  44. Johnson, S.J.; Baker, J.P.; van Dam, C.P.; Berg, D. An overview of active load control techniques for wind turbines with an emphasis on microtabs. Wind. Energy Int. J. Prog. Appl. Wind Power Convers. Technol. 2010, 13, 239–253.
  45. Selig, M.S.; McGranahan, B.D. Wind tunnel aerodynamic tests of six airfoils for use on small wind turbines. In Proceedings of the 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, USA, 5–8 January 2004.
  46. Bieniawski, S.; Kroo, I. Flutter Suppression Using Micro-Trailing Edge Effectors. In Proceedings of the 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Norfolk, Virginia, 7–10 April 2003.
  47. Lee, H.T.; Bieniawski, S.R.; Kroo, I.M. Miniature Trailing Edge Effector for Aerodynamic Control. U.S. Patent 7,410,133, 12 August 2008.
  48. Lee, H.-T.; Kroo, I. Computational Investigation of Airfoils with Miniature Trailing Edge Control Surfaces. In Proceedings of the 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, USA, 5–8 January 2004.
  49. Kroo, I. Aerodynamic concepts for future aircraft. In Proceedings of the 30th Fluid Dynamics Conference, Norfolk, VA, USA, 28 June–1 July 1999.
  50. Maughmer, M.; Lesieutre, G.; Koopmann, G. Miniature Trailing-Edge Effectors for Rotorcraft Applications; Rotorcraft Center of Excellence, Department of Aerospace Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University: State College, PA, USA, 2003.
  51. Bieniawski, S.; Kroo, I.; Wolpert, D. Flight Control with Distributed Effectors. In Proceedings of the AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit, San Francisco, CA, USA, 15–18 August 2005.
  52. Hsiao, F.-B.; Liu, C.-F.; Shyu, J.-Y. Control of wall-separated flow by internal acoustic excitation. Aiaa J. 1990, 28, 1440–1446.
  53. Ahuja, K.; Burrin, R. Control of flow separation by sound. In Proceedings of the 9th Aeroacoustics Conference, Williamsburg, VA, USA, 10–15 October 1984.
  54. Yarusevych, S.; Sullivan, P.E.; Kawall, J.G. Effect of Acoustic Excitation Amplitude on Airfoil Boundary Layer and Wake Development. Aiaa J. 2007, 45, 760–771.
  55. Zaman, K.B.M.Q.; Bar-Sever, A.; Mangalam, S.M. Effect of acoustic excitation on the flow over a low- Re airfoil. J. Fluid Mech. 1987, 182, 127–148.
  56. James, R.D.; Jacobs, J.W.; Glezer, A. A round turbulent jet produced by an oscillating diaphragm. Phys. Fluids 1996, 8, 2484–2495.
  57. Glezer, A.; Amitay, M. Synthetic jets. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 2002, 34, 503–529.
  58. Maldonado, V.; Farnsworth, J.; Gressick, W.; Amitay, M. Active control of flow separation and structural vibrations of wind turbine blades. Wind. Energy Int. J. Prog. Appl. Wind Power Convers. Technol. 2010, 13, 221–237.
  59. Maldonado, V.; Boucher, M.; Ostman, R.; Amitay, M. Active Vibration Control of a Wind Turbine Blade Using Synthetic Jets. Int. J. Flow Control 2009, 1, 227–238.
  60. Amitay, M.; Honohan, A.; Trautman, M.; Glezer, A. Modification of the aerodynamic characteristics of bluff bodies using fluidic actuators. In Proceedings of the 28th Fluid Dynamics Conference, Snowmass Village, CO, USA, 29 June–2 July 1997.
  61. Taylor, H.D. The Elimination of Diffuser Separation by Vortex Generators; Technical Report No. 1947; United Aircraft Corporation: East Hartford, CT, USA, 2012; p. 3.
  62. Osborn, R.F.; Kota, S.; Hetrick, J.A.; Geister, D.E.; Tilmann, C.P.; Joo, J. Active Flow Control Using High-Frequency Compliant Structures. J. Aircr. 2004, 41, 603–609.
  63. Gao, L.; Zhang, H.; Liu, Y.; Han, S. Effects of vortex generators on a blunt trailing-edge airfoil for wind turbines. Renew. Energy 2015, 76, 303–311.
  64. Kundu, P.; Sarkar, A.; Nagarajan, V. Improvement of performance of S1210 hydrofoil with vortex generators and modified trailing edge. Renew. Energy 2019, 142, 643–657.
  65. Lee, H.M.; Kwon, O.J. Numerical Simulation of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines with Vortex Generators. Int. J. Aeronaut. Space Sci. 2019, 20, 325–334.
  66. Afjeh, A.A.; Keith, T.G.; Fateh, A. Predicted aerodynamic performance of a horizontal-axis wind turbine equipped with vortex generators. J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 1990, 33, 515–529.
  67. Storms, B.L.; Jang, C.S. Lift enhancement of an airfoil using a Gurney flap and vortex generators. J. Aircr. 1994, 31, 542–547.
  68. Zhang, L.; Li, X.; Li, S.; Bai, J.; Xu, J. Unstable aerodynamic performance of a very thick wind turbine airfoil CAS-W1-450. Renew. Energy 2019, 132, 1112–1120.
  69. Fuglsang, P.; Bak, C. Development of the Risø Wind Turbine Airfoils. Wind. Energy Int. J. Prog. Appl. Wind Power Convers. Technol. 2004, 7, 145–162.
  70. Mueller-Vahl, H.; Pechlivanoglou, G.; Nayeri, C.N.; Paschereit, C.O. Vortex generators for wind turbine blades: A combined wind tunnel and wind turbine parametric study. In Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Copenhagen, Denmark, 11–15 June 2012.
  71. Wallis, R. A Preliminary Note on a Modified Type of Air Jet for Boundary Layer Control; Ministry of Aviation, Aeronautical Research Council: Melbourne, Australia, 1960.
  72. Wallis, R. The Use of Air Jets for Boundary Layer Control; Aeronautical Research Labs: Melbourne, Australia, 1952.
  73. Johnston, J.P.; Nishi, M. Vortex generator jets—Means for flow separation control. Aiaa J. 1990, 28, 989–994.
  74. Bons, J.P.; Sondergaard, R.; Rivir, R.B. Turbine separation control using pulsed vortex generator jets. In Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Munich, Germany, 8–11 May 2000.
  75. Shun, S.; Ahmed, N.A. Airfoil Separation Control Using Multiple-Orifice Air-Jet Vortex Generators. J. Aircr. 2011, 48, 2164–2169.
  76. Lin, J. Control of turbulent boundary-layer separation using micro-vortex generators. In Proceedings of the 30th Fluid Dynamics Conference, Norfolk, VA, USA, 28 June–1 July 1999.
  77. Liu, C.; Li, Y.; Cooney, J.A.; Fine, N.E.; Rotea, M.A. NREL Fast Modeling for Blade Load Control with Plasma Actuators. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA), Copenhagen, Denmark, 21–24 August 2018.
  78. Moreau, E. Airflow control by non-thermal plasma actuators. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2007, 40, 605–636.
  79. Robinson, M. Movement of air in the electric wind of the corona discharge. Trans. Am. Inst. Electr. Eng. Part I Commun. Electron. 1961, 80, 143–150.
  80. Bartnikas, R. Engineering Dielectrics Volume I Corona Measurement and Interpretation; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 1979.
  81. Messanelli, F.; Belan, M. A comparison between corona and DBD plasma actuators for separation control on an airfoil. In Proceedings of the 55th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Grapevine, TX, USA, 9–13 January 2017.
  82. Léger, L.; Moreau, E.; Artana, G.; Touchard, G. Influence of a DC corona discharge on the airflow along an inclined flat plate. J. Electrost. 2001, 51, 300–306.
  83. Magnier, P.; Hong, D.; Leroy-Chesneau, A.; Bauchire, J.-M.; Hureau, J. Control of separated flows with the ionic wind generated by a DC corona discharge. Exp. Fluids 2007, 42, 815–825.
  84. Moreau, E.; Léger, L.; Touchard, G. Effect of a DC surface-corona discharge on a flat plate boundary layer for air flow velocity up to 25 m/s. J. Electrost. 2006, 64, 215–225.
  85. Messanelli, F.; Frigerio, E.; Tescaroli, E.; Belan, M. Flow separation control by pulsed corona actuators. Exp. Ther. Fluid Sci. 2019, 105, 123–135.
  86. Labergue, A.; Moreau, E.; Touchard, G. A parametric study of surface corona discharge along an insulating flat plate in atmospheric pressure. In CEIDP’05, 2005 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2005.
  87. Jolibois, J.; Moreau, E. Enhancement of the Electromechanical Performances of a Single Dielectric Barrier Discharge Actuator. IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 2009, 16, 758–767.
  88. van Dyken, R.; McLaughlin, T.; Enloe, C. Parametric investigations of a single dielectric barrier plasma actuator. In Proceedings of the 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, USA, 5–8 January 2004.
  89. Seth, U.; Traoré, P.; Duran-Olivencia, F.; Moreau, E.; Vazquez, A.P. Parametric study of a DBD plasma actuation based on the Suzen-Huang model. J. Electrost. 2018, 93, 1–9.
  90. Taleghani, A.S.; Shadaram, A.; Mirzaei, M.; Abdolahipour, S. Parametric study of a plasma actuator at unsteady actuation by measurements of the induced flow velocity for flow control. J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 2018, 40, 173.
  91. Lobitz, D.W.; Veers, P.S. Load Mitigation with Bending/Twist-coupled Blades on Rotors using Modern Control Strategies. Wind Energy Int. J. Prog. Appl. Wind Power Convers. Technol. 2003, 6, 105–117.
  92. Pern, N.; Jacob, J.; Lebeau, R. Characterization of zero mass flux flow control for separation control of an adaptive airfoil. In Proceedings of the 3rd AIAA Flow Control Conference, San Francisco, CA, USA, 5–8 June 2006.
  93. Sinha, S.K. System for Efficient Control of Flow Separation Using a Driven Flexible Wall. U.S. Patent No. 5,961,080, 5 October 1999.
  94. Mangla, N.; Sinha, S. Controlling dynamic stall with an active flexible wall. In Proceedings of the 2nd AIAA Flow Control Conference, Portland, OR, USA, 28 June–1 July 2004.
  95. Rahman, M.; Ong, Z.C.; Chong, W.T.; Julai, S.; Khoo, S.Y. Performance enhancement of wind turbine systems with vibration control: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2015, 51, 43–54.
  96. Lackner, M.A.; Rotea, M.A. Passive structural control of offshore wind turbines. Wind Energy 2011, 14, 373–388.
  97. Singh, M.P.; Matheu, E.E.; Suarez, L.E. Active and semi-active control of structures under seismic excitation. Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. 1997, 26, 193–213.
  98. Murtagh, P.J.; Ghosh, A.; Basu, B.; Broderick, B.M. Passive control of wind turbine vibrations including blade/tower interaction and rotationally sampled turbulence. Wind Energy 2008, 11, 305–317.
  99. Stewart, G.; Lackner, M. Offshore Wind Turbine Load Reduction Employing Optimal Passive Tuned Mass Damping Systems. Ieee Trans. Control. Syst. Technol. 2013, 21, 1090–1104.
  100. Si, Y.; Karimi, H.R.; Gao, H. Modelling and optimization of a passive structural control design for a spar-type floating wind turbine. Eng. Struct. 2014, 69, 168–182.
  101. Schulze, A.; Zierath, J.; Rosenow, S.-E.; Bockhahn, R.; Rachholz, R.; Woernle, C. Passive structural control techniques for a 3 MW wind turbine prototype. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2018, 1037, 042024.
  102. Dinh, V.-N.; Basu, B. Passive control of floating offshore wind turbine nacelle and spar vibrations by multiple tuned mass dampers. Struct. Control Health Monit. 2014, 22, 152–176.
  103. Fitzgerald, B.; Basu, B.; Nielsen, S.R.K. Active tuned mass dampers for control of in-plane vibrations of wind turbine blades. Struct. Control Health Monit. 2013, 20, 1377–1396.
  104. Cong, C. Using active tuned mass dampers with constrained stroke to simultaneously control vibrations in wind turbine blades and tower. Adv. Struct. Eng. 2019, 22, 1544–1553.
  105. Lackner, M.A.; Rotea, M.A. Structural control of floating wind turbines. Mechatronics 2011, 21, 704–719.
  106. Fitzgerald, B.; Basu, B. Cable connected active tuned mass dampers for control of in-plane vibrations of wind turbine blades. J. Sound Vib. 2014, 333, 5980–6004.
  107. Carcangiu, C.E.; Pineda, I.; Fischer, T.; Kuhnle, B.; Scheu, M.; Martin, M. Wind turbine structural damping control for tower load reduction. In Civil Engineering Topics; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2011; Volume 4, pp. 141–153.
  108. Arrigan, J.; Pakrashi, V.; Basu, B.; Nagarajaiah, S. Control of flapwise vibrations in wind turbine blades using semi-active tuned mass dampers. Struct. Control Health Monit. 2011, 18, 840–851.
  109. Huang, C.; Arrigan, J.; Nagarajaiah, S.; Basu, B. Semi-active algorithm for edgewise vibration control in floating wind turbine blades. In Earth and Space 2010: Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments; ASCE: Reston, VA, USA, 2010; pp. 2097–2110.
  110. Fujino, Y.; Sun, L.M. Vibration Control by Multiple Tuned Liquid Dampers (MTLDs). J. Struct. Eng. 1993, 119, 3482–3502.
  111. Jaksic, V.; Wright, C.S.; Murphy, J.; Afeef, C.; Ali, S.F.; Mandic, D.P.; Pakrashi, V. Dynamic response mitigation of floating wind turbine platforms using tuned liquid column dampers. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 2015, 373, 20140079.
  112. Colwell, S.; Basu, B. Tuned liquid column dampers in offshore wind turbines for structural control. Eng. Struct. 2009, 31, 358–368.
  113. Lee, H.; Wong, S.-H.; Lee, R.-S. Response mitigation on the offshore floating platform system with tuned liquid column damper. Ocean Eng. 2006, 33, 1118–1142.
  114. Zhang, Z.; Basu, B.; Nielsen, S.R.K. Tuned liquid column dampers for mitigation of edgewise vibrations in rotating wind turbine blades. Struct. Control Health Monit. 2015, 22, 500–517.
  115. Yalla, S.K.; Kareem, A.; Kantor, J.C. Semi-active tuned liquid column dampers for vibration control of structures. Eng. Struct. 2001, 23, 1469–1479.
  116. Fujino, Y.; Sun, L.; Pacheco, B.M.; Chaiseri, P. Tuned Liquid Damper (TLD) for Suppressing Horizontal Motion of Structures. J. Eng. Mech. 1992, 118, 2017–2030.
  117. Tong, X.; Zhao, X.; Karcanias, A. Passive vibration control of an offshore floating hydrostatic wind turbine model. Wind Energy 2018, 21, 697–714.
  118. Chen, J.; Zhan, G.; Zhao, Y. Application of spherical tuned liquid damper in vibration control of wind turbine due to earthquake excitations. Struct. Des. Tall Spéc. Build. 2016, 25, 431–443.
  119. Chen, J.-L.; Georgakis, C.T. Spherical tuned liquid damper for vibration control in wind turbines. J. Vib. Control. 2013, 21, 1875–1885.
  120. Zhang, X.; Zhang, R.; Xu, Y. Analysis on control of flow-induced vibration by tuned liquid damper with crossed tube-like containers. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 1993, 50, 351–360.
  121. Roderick, C. Vibration Reduction of Offshore Wind Turbines Using Tuned Liquid Column Dampers. Master’s Thesis, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA, 2012.
  122. Martynowicz, P.; Szydło, Z. Wind turbine’s tower-nacelle model with magnetorheological tuned vibration absorber. In Proceedings of the 14th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC), Rytro, Poland, 26–29 May 2013.
  123. Martynowicz, P. Vibration control of wind turbine tower-nacelle model with magnetorheological tuned vibration absorber. J. Vib. Control 2015, 23, 3468–3489.
  124. Martynowicz, P. Control of a magnetorheological tuned vibration absorber for wind turbine application utilising the refined force tracking algorithm. J. Low Freq. Noise Vib. Act. Control. 2017, 36, 339–353.
  125. Caterino, N. Semi-active control of a wind turbine via magnetorheological dampers. J. Sound Vib. 2015, 345, 1–17.
  126. Sarkar, S.; Chakraborty, A. Optimal design of semiactive MR-TLCD for along-wind vibration control of horizontal axis wind turbine tower. Struct. Control Health Monit. 2018, 25, e2083.
  127. Delaunay, D. Contrôle des Vibrations par Amortisseur Semi-Actif; Université du Québec à Rimouski: Rimouski, QC, Canada, 2018.
  128. Gourgue, D. Étude et Contrôle des Systèmes Flexibles par Amortissement Variable; Université du Québec à Rimouski: Rimouski, QC, Canada, 2016.
  129. Bolat, F.Ç.; Sivrioğlu, S. Active Vibration Suppression of a Flexible Blade Element Using Magnetorheological Layer Patch-Electromagnetic Actuator. Turk. J. Electromech. Energy 2018, 3, 3–11.
  130. Spencer, B., Jr.; Dyke, S.J.; Sain, M.K.; Carlson, J. Phenomenological model for magnetorheological dampers. J. Eng. Mech. 1997, 123, 230–238.
  131. Chen, J.; Yuan, C.; Li, J.; Xu, Q. Semi-active fuzzy control of edgewise vibrations in wind turbine blades under extreme wind. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 2015, 147, 251–261.
  132. Chen, J.; Georgakis, C.T. Tuned rolling-ball dampers for vibration control in wind turbines. J. Sound Vib. 2013, 332, 5271–5282.
  133. Zhang, Z.; Li, J.; Nielsen, S.R.; Basu, B. Mitigation of edgewise vibrations in wind turbine blades by means of roller dampers. J. Sound Vib. 2014, 333, 5283–5298.
  134. Guimarães, P.V.B.; De Morais, M.V.G.; Avila, S.M. Tuned Mass Damper Inverted Pendulum to Reduce Offshore Wind Turbine Vibrations. In Vibration Engineering and Technology of Machinery; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2015; pp. 379–388.
  135. Sun, C.; Jahangiri, V. Bi-directional vibration control of offshore wind turbines using a 3D pendulum tuned mass damper. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 2018, 105, 338–360.
  136. Sun, C.; Jahangiri, V. Fatigue damage mitigation of offshore wind turbines under real wind and wave conditions. Eng. Struct. 2019, 178, 472–483.
  137. Staino, A.; Basu, B.; Nielsen, S. Actuator control of edgewise vibrations in wind turbine blades. J. Sound Vib. 2012, 331, 1233–1256.
  138. Staino, A.; Basu, B. Dynamics and control of vibrations in wind turbines with variable rotor speed. Eng. Struct. 2013, 56, 58–67.
  139. Tao, W.; Basu, B.; Li, J. Reliability analysis of active tendon-controlled wind turbines by a computationally efficient wavelet-based probability density evolution method. Struct. Control Health Monit. 2018, 25, e2078.
  140. Staino, A.; Basu, B. Emerging trends in vibration control of wind turbines: A focus on a dual control strategy. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 2015, 373, 20140069.
  141. Moheimani, S.O.R.; Fleming, A.J. Piezoelectric Transducers for Vibration Control and Damping; Springer Science & Business Media: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2006.
  142. Liu, T. Classical Flutter and Active Control of Wind Turbine Blade Based on Piezoelectric Actuation. Shock. Vib. 2015, 2015, 292368.
  143. Qiao, Y.-H.; Han, J.; Zhang, C.-Y.; Chen, J.-P.; Yi, K.-C. Finite Element Analysis and Vibration Suppression Control of Smart Wind Turbine Blade. Appl. Compos. Mater. 2011, 19, 747–754.
  144. Jamadar, V.M.; Rade, K.A.; Kanase, S.S.; Suryawanshi, A.A. Vibration Energy Harvesting From Power Producing Devices. Available online: (accessed on 22 May 2020).
  145. Abdelrahman, W.G.; Al-Garni, A.Z.; Abdelmaksoud, S.I.; Abdallah, A. Effect of Piezoelectric Patch Size and Material on Active Vibration Control of Wind Turbine Blades. J. Vib. Eng. Technol. 2018, 6, 155–161.
  146. Han, J.-H.; Lee, I. Optimal placement of piezoelectric sensors and actuators for vibration control of a composite plate using genetic algorithms. Smart Mater. Struct. 1999, 8, 257–267.
  147. Kumar, S.; Srivastava, R.; Srivastava, R. Active vibration control of smart piezo cantilever beam using pid controller. Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol. 2014, 3, 392–399.
  148. Waghulde, K.B.; Sinha, B.; Patil, M.M.; Mishra, S. Vibration Control of Cantilever Smart Beam by Using Piezoelectric Actuators and Sensors 1. 2010. Available online: (accessed on 22 May 2020).
  149. Bin, L.; Yugang, L.; Xuegang, Y.; Shanglian, H. Maximal modal force rule for optimal placement of point piezoelectric actuators for plates. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 2000, 11, 512–515.
  150. Qiu, Z.-C.; Han, J.-D.; Zhang, X.-M.; Wang, Y.-C.; Wu, Z.-W. Active vibration control of a flexible beam using a non-collocated acceleration sensor and piezoelectric patch actuator. J. Sound Vib. 2009, 326, 438–455.
  151. Yang, S.M.; Jeng, A.C. Structural vibration suppression by concurrent piezoelectric sensor and actuator. Smart Mater. Struct. 1996, 5, 806–813.
  152. Ghasemi-Nejhad, M.N.; Pourjalali, S.; Uyema, M.; Yousefpour, A. Finite Element Method for Active Vibration Suppression of Smart Composite Structures using Piezoelectric Materials. J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. 2006, 19, 309–352.
  153. Devasia, S.; Meressi, T.; Paden, B.; Bayo, E. Piezoelectric actuator design for vibration suppression—Placement and sizing. J. Guid. Control. Dyn. 1993, 16, 859–864.
  154. Zhao, Y. Vibration suppression of a quadrilateral plate using hybrid piezoelectric circuits. J. Vib. Control 2010, 16, 701–720.
  155. Yang, S.; Bian, J. Vibration suppression experiments on composite laminated plates using an embedded piezoelectric sensor and actuator. Smart Mater. Struct. 1996, 5, 501.
  156. Nor, K.A.; Muthalif, A.G.; Wahid, A.N. Optimization in Active Vibration Control: Virtual Experimentation Using COMSOL Multiphysics-MATLAB Integration. In Proceedings of the 2014 5th International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation, Langkawi, Malaysia, 27–29 January 2014.
  157. Labanie, F.M.; Ali, J.M.; Dawood, M.S. Optimal location of piezoelectric patches for active vibration control. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering; IOP Publishing: Bristol, UK, 2017.
  158. Gupta, V.; Sharma, M.; Thakur, N. Optimization criteria for optimal placement of piezoelectric sensors and actuators on a smart structure: A technical review. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 2010, 21, 1227–1243.
  159. Caruso, G.; Galeani, S.; Menini, L. Active vibration control of an elastic plate using multiple piezoelectric sensors and actuators. Simul. Model. Pract. Theory 2003, 11, 403–419.
  160. Chandrashekhara, K.; Agarwal, A. Active vibration control of laminated composite plates using piezoelectric devices: A finite element approach. J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 1993, 4, 496–508.
  161. He, X.; Ng, T.; Sivashanker, S.; Liew, K. Active control of FGM plates with integrated piezoelectric sensors and actuators. Int. J. Solids Struct. 2001, 38, 1641–1655.
  162. Kumar, R.K.; Narayanan, S. Active vibration control of beams with optimal placement of piezoelectric sensor/actuator pairs. Smart Mater. Struct. 2008, 17, 055008.
  163. Qiu, Z.-C.; Zhang, X.-M.; Wu, H.-X.; Zhang, H.-H. Optimal placement and active vibration control for piezoelectric smart flexible cantilever plate. J. Sound Vib. 2007, 301, 521–543.
  164. Bruant, I.; Gallimard, L.; Nikoukar, S. Optimal piezoelectric actuator and sensor location for active vibration control, using genetic algorithm. J. Sound Vib. 2010, 329, 1615–1635.
More
© Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Feedback