Maastrichtian vertebrates of Ibero-Armorica: Comparison
Please note this is a comparison between Version 2 by Conner Chen and Version 1 by Manuel Pérez Pueyo.

The South-Pyrenean Basin (northeastern Spain) has yielded a rich and diverse record of Upper Cretaceous (uppermost Campanian−uppermost Maastrichtian) vertebrate fossils, including the remains of some of the last European dinosaurs prior to the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) extinction event. In this work, we update and characterize the vertebrate fossil record of the Arén Sandstone and Tremp formations in the Western Tremp Syncline, which is located in the Aragonese area of the Southern Pyrenees. The transitional and continental successions of these sedimentary units are dated to the late Maastrichtian, and exploration of their outcrops has led to the discovery of numerous fossil remains (bones, eggshells, and tracks) of dinosaurs, including hadrosauroids, sauropods, and theropods, along with other tetrapods such as crocodylomorphs, testudines, pterosaurs, squamates, and amphibians. In particular, this fossil record contains some of the youngest lambeosaurine hadrosaurids (Arenysaurus and Blasisaurus) and Mesozoic crocodylomorphs (Arenysuchus and Agaresuchus subjuniperus) in Europe, complementing the lower Maastrichtian fossil sites of the Eastern Tremp Syncline.

  • Fossil
  • The South-Pyrenean Basin
Please wait, diff process is still running!

References

  1. Alvarez, L.W.; Alvarez, W.; Asaro, F.; Michel, H.V. Extraterrestrial cause for the cretaceous-tertiary extinction. Science 1980, 208, 1095–1108.
  2. Miller, K.G.; Kominz, M.A.; Browning, J.V.; Wright, J.D.; Mountain, G.S.; Katz, M.E.; Sugarman, P.J.; Cramer, B.S.; Christie-Blick, N.; Peka, S.F. The Phanerozoic Record of Global Sea-Level Change. Science 2005, 310, 1293–1298.
  3. Li, L.; Keller, G. Maastrichtian climate, productivity and faunal turnovers in planktic foraminifera in South Atlantic DSDP sites 525A and 21. Mar. Micropaleontol. 1998, 33, 55–86.
  4. Barnet, J.S.K.; Littler, K.; Kroon, D.; Leng, M.J.; Westerhold, T.; Röhl, U.; Zachos, J.C. A new high-resolution chronology for the late Maastrichtian warming event: Establishing robust temporal links with the onset of Deccan volcanism. Geology 2018, 46, 147–150.
  5. Courtillot, V.; Féraud, G.; Maluski, H.; Vandamme, D.; Moreau, M.G.; Besse, J. Deccan flood basalts and the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Nature 1988, 333, 843–846.
  6. Courtillot, V.E.; Renne, P.R. On the ages of flood basalt events. Comptes Rendus Geosci. 2003, 335, 113–140.
  7. Tobin, T.S.; Ward, P.D.; Steig, E.J.; Olivero, E.B.; Hilburn, I.A.; Mitchell, R.N.; Diamond, M.R.; Raub, T.D.; Kirschvink, J.L. Extinction patterns, δ18 O trends, and magnetostratigraphy from a southern high-latitude Cretaceous–Paleogene section: Links with Deccan volcanism. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2012, 350–352, 180–188.
  8. Schoene, B.; Eddy, M.P.; Samperton, K.M.; Keller, C.B.; Keller, G.; Adatte, T.; Khadri, S.F.R. U-Pb constraints on pulsed eruption of the Deccan Traps across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Science 2019, 363, 862–866.
  9. Hildebrand, A.R.; Penfield, G.T.; Kring, D.A.; Pilkington, M.; Camargo, Z.A.; Jacobsen, S.B.; Boynton, W.V. Chicxulub Crater: A possible Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary impact crater on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Geology 1991, 19, 867.
  10. Renne, P.R.; Arenillas, I.; Arz, J.A.; Vajda, V.; Gilabert, V.; Bermúdez, H.D. Multi-proxy record of the Chicxulub impact at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary from Gorgonilla Island, Colombia. Geology 2018, 46, 547–550.
  11. Maruoka, T. Mass Extinction at the cretaceous–paleogene (K–Pg) boundary. In Astrobiology; Springer: Singapore, 2019; pp. 303–320.
  12. Lyons, S.L.; Karp, A.T.; Bralower, T.J.; Grice, K.; Schaefer, B.; Gulick, S.P.S.; Morgan, J.V.; Freeman, K.H. Organic matter from the Chicxulub crater exacerbated the K–Pg impact winter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2020, 117, 25327–25334.
  13. Schulte, P.; Alegret, L.; Arenillas, I.; Arz, J.A.; Barton, P.J.; Bown, P.R.; Bralower, T.J.; Christeson, G.L.; Claeys, P.; Cockell, C.S.; et al. The chicxulub asteroid impact and mass extinction at the cretaceous-paleogene boundary. Science 2010, 327, 1214–1218.
  14. Witts, J.D.; Whittle, R.J.; Wignall, P.B.; Crame, J.A.; Francis, J.E.; Newton, R.J.; Bowman, V.C. Macrofossil evidence for a rapid and severe Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction in Antarctica. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 11738.
  15. Chiarenza, A.A.; Farnsworth, A.; Mannion, P.D.; Lunt, D.J.; Valdes, P.J.; Morgan, J.V.; Allison, P.A. Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2020, 117, 17084–17093.
  16. Dzombak, R.M.; Sheldon, N.D.; Mohabey, D.M.; Samant, B. Stable climate in India during Deccan volcanism suggests limited influence on K–Pg extinction. Gondwana Res. 2020, 85, 19–31.
  17. Raup, D.M.; Sepkoski, J.J. Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record. Science 1982, 215, 1501–1503.
  18. Jablonski, D. Extinctions in the fossil record. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B Biol. Sci. 1994, 344, 11–17.
  19. Bardet, N. Extinction events among Mesozoic marine reptiles. Hist. Biol. 1994, 7, 313–324.
  20. Longrich, N.R.; Tokaryk, T.; Field, D.J. Mass extinction of birds at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2011, 108, 15253–15257.
  21. Longrich, N.R.; Martill, D.M.; Andres, B. Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. PLOS Biol. 2018, 16, e2001663.
  22. Brusatte, S.L.; Butler, R.J.; Barrett, P.M.; Carrano, M.T.; Evans, D.C.; Lloyd, G.T.; Mannion, P.D.; Norell, M.A.; Peppe, D.J.; Upchurch, P.; et al. The extinction of the dinosaurs. Biol. Rev. 2015, 90, 628–642.
  23. Puértolas-Pascual, E.; Blanco, A.; Brochu, C.A.; Canudo, J.I. Review of the late cretaceous-early paleogene crocodylomorphs of Europe: Extinction patterns across the K-PG boundary. Cretac. Res. 2016, 57, 565–590.
  24. Pearson, D.A.; Schaefer, T.; Johnson, K.R.; Nichols, D.J.; Hunter, J.P. Vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Hell Creek Formation in southwestern North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota. Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am. 2002, 361, 145–167.
  25. Lyson, T.R.; Longrich, N.R. Spatial niche partitioning in dinosaurs from the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of North America. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 2011, 278, 1158–1164.
  26. Johnson, K.R.; Nichols, D.J.; Hartman, J.H. Hell Creek Formation: A 2001 synthesis. Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap. 2002, 361, 503–510.
  27. LeCain, R.; Clyde, W.C.; Wilson, G.P.; Riedel, J. Magnetostratigraphy of the Hell Creek and lower Fort Union Formations in northeastern Montana. In Through the End of the Cretaceous in the Type Locality of the Hell Creek Formation in Montana and Adjacent Areas; Geological Society of America: Boulder, CO, USA, 2014.
  28. Sprain, C.J.; Renne, P.R.; Clemens, W.A.; Wilson, G.P. Calibration of chron C29r: New high-precision geochronologic and paleomagnetic constraints from the Hell Creek region, Montana. GSA Bull. 2018, 130, 1615–1644.
  29. Fowler, D. The Hell Creek Formation, Montana: A stratigraphic review and revision based on a sequence stratigraphic approach. Geosciences 2020, 10, 435.
  30. Csiki-Sava, Z.; Buffetaut, E.; Ősi, A.; Pereda-Suberbiola, X.; Brusatte, S.L. Island life in the Cretaceous—Faunal composition, biogeography, evolution, and extinction of land-living vertebrates on the Late Cretaceous European archipelago. Zookeys 2015, 469, 1–161.
  31. Canudo, J.I.; Oms, O.; Vila, B.; Galobart, À.; Fondevilla, V.; Puértolas-Pascual, E.; Sellés, A.G.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Dinarès-Turell, J.; Vicens, E.; et al. The upper Maastrichtian dinosaur fossil record from the southern Pyrenees and its contribution to the topic of the Cretaceous-Palaeogene mass extinction event. Cretac. Res. 2016, 57, 540–551.
  32. Csiki-Sava, Z.; Vremir, M.; Vasile, Ş.; Brusatte, S.L.; Dyke, G.; Naish, D.; Norell, M.A.; Totoianu, R. The east side story—The Transylvanian latest Cretaceous continental vertebrate record and its implications for understanding Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary events. Cretac. Res. 2016, 57, 662–698.
  33. Fondevilla, V.; Riera, V.; Vila, B.; Sellés, A.G.; Dinarès-Turell, J.; Vicens, E.; Gaete, R.; Oms, O. Galobart Chronostratigraphic synthesis of the latest Cretaceous dinosaur turnover in south-western Europe. Earth Sci. Rev. 2019, 191, 168–189.
  34. Vila, B.; Sellés, A.G.; Brusatte, S.L. Diversity and faunal changes in the latest Cretaceous dinosaur communities of southwestern Europe. Cretac. Res. 2016, 57, 552–564.
  35. Canudo, J.I. The Collection of Type Fossils of the Natural Science Museum of the University of Zaragoza (Spain). Geoheritage 2018, 10, 385–392.
  36. Pereda-Suberbiola, X.; Canudo, J.I.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Barco, J.L.; López-Martínez, N.; Oms, O.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I. The last hadrosaurid dinosaurs of Europe: A new lambeosaurine from the Uppermost Cretaceous of Aren (Huesca, Spain). Comptes Rendus Palevol 2009, 8, 559–572.
  37. Pereda-Suberbiola, X.; Canudo, J.I.; Company, J.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I. Hadrosauroid dinosaurs from the latest Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 2009, 29, 946–951.
  38. Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I.; Canudo, J.I. Review of the fossill record of spanish hadrosaur remains. In Proceedings of the VIII Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores en Paleontología, Enciso, Spain, 21–22 April 2010; Volume 30, pp. 99–105.
  39. Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Puértolas-Pascual, E.; Canudo, J.I.; Castanera, D.; Gasca, J.M.; Moreno-Azanza, M. New hadrosaur remains from the Late Maastrichtian of Huesca (NE Spain). In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists, Teruel, Spain, 19–24 June 2012; pp. 45–48.
  40. Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I.; Gaete, R.; Riera, V.; Oms, O.; Canudo, J.I. A new hadrosaurid dentary from the latest Maastrichtian of the Pyrenees (north Spain) and the high diversity of the duck-billed dinosaurs of the Ibero-Armorican Realm at the very end of the Cretaceous. Hist. Biol. 2014, 26, 619–630.
  41. Company, J.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Canudo, J.I. Presence of diminutive hadrosaurids (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) in the Maastrichtian of the south-central Pyrenees (Spain). J. Iber. Geol. 2015, 41, 71–81.
  42. Prieto-Márquez, A.; Dalla Vecchia, F.M.; Gaete, R.; Galobart, À. Diversity, relationships, and biogeography of the lambeosaurine dinosaurs from the European archipelago, with description of the new aralosaurin Canardia garonnensis. PLoS ONE 2013, 8, e69835.
  43. Conti, S.; Vila, B.; Sellés, A.G.; Galobart, À.; Benton, M.J.; Prieto-Márquez, A. The oldest lambeosaurine dinosaur from Europe: Insights into the arrival of Tsintaosaurini. Cretac. Res. 2020, 107, 104286.
  44. Puértolas-Pascual, E.; Arenillas, I.; Arz, J.A.; Calvín, P.; Ezquerro, L.; García-Vicente, C.; Pérez-Pueyo, M.; Sánchez-Moreno, E.M.; Villalaín, J.J.; Canudo, J.I. Chronostratigraphy and new vertebrate sites from the upper Maastrichtian of Huesca (Spain), and their relation with the K/Pg boundary. Cretac. Res. 2018, 89, 36–59.
  45. López-Martínez, N.; Canudo, J.I.; Ardevol, L.; Pereda-Suberbiola, X.; Orue-Etxebarria, X.; Cuenca-Bescós, G.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I.; Murelaga, X.; Feist, M. New dinosaur sites correlated with upper Maastrichtian pelagic deposits in the Spanish Pyrenees: Implications for the dinosaur extinctio. Cretac. Res. 2001, 22, 41–61.
  46. Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Pereda-Suberbiola, X.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I. Blasisaurus canudoi gen. et sp. nov., a new lambeosaurine dinosaur (hadrosauridae) from the latest cretaceous of Arén (Huesca, Spain). Can. J. Earth Sci. 2010, 47, 1507–1517.
  47. Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Canudo, J.I.; Moreno-Azanza, M.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I. New material and phylogenetic position of Arenysaurus ardevoli, a lambeosaurine dinosaur from the late Maastrichtian of Arén (Northern Spain). J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 2013, 33, 1367–1384.
  48. Longrich, N.R.; Suberbiola, X.P.; Pyron, R.A.; Jalil, N.-E. The first duckbill dinosaur (Hadrosauridae: Lambeosaurinae) from Africa and the role of oceanic dispersal in dinosaur biogeography. Cretac. Res. 2020, 104678.
  49. Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Canudo Sanagustín, J.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I. Nuevas evidencias de la presencia de hadrosaurios lambeosaurios (Dinosauria) en el Maastrichtiense superior de la Península Ibérica (Arén, Huesca). Geogaceta 2005, 3, 47–50.
  50. Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Canudo, J.I.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I. Los fémures de Blasi (Arén, Huesca, Spain): Una contribución a los hadrosauroideos Europeos del Maastrichtiense superior. In Proceedings of the Actas de las IV Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontologıa de Dinosaurios y su Entorno, Burgos, Spain, 5–9 September 2009; pp. 197–205.
  51. Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I.; Canudo, J.I. Evidencias de la coexistencia de dinosaurios hadrosaurinos y lambeosaurinos en el Maastrichtiano superior de la Península Ibérica (Arén, Huesca, España). Ameghiniana 2010, 47, 153–164.
  52. Canudo, I.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Moreno-Azanza, M. Possible theropod predation evidence in hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the Upper Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of Arén (Huesca, Spain). Kaupia Darmstädter Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte 2005, 14, 9–13.
  53. Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Fortuny, J.; Llacer, S.; Canudo, J.I. Paleoneuroanatomy of the European lambeosaurine dinosaur Arenysaurus ardevoli. Peer J. 2015, 2015, 1–16.
  54. Mayayo-Lainez, A. Paleohistología y Mineralogía de los Dinosaurios Hadrosaurios del Maastrichtiense de Arén (Huesca). Master’s Thesis, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain, 2020.
  55. Mayayo-Lainez, A.; Alegre-Esteve, M.; Bauluz, B.; Canudo, J. First approach to the paleohistology of the hadrosaur dinosaurs from Blasi 2A (Tremp Formation, Maastrichtian, Huesca). Ciências Terra-Procedia 2021, 1, 38–41.
  56. Puértolas-Pascual, E.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Canudo, J.I.; Gasca, J.M.; Moreno-Azanza, M.; Castanera, D.; Parrillas, J.; Ezquerro, L. Nuevos yacimientos de vertebrados del Maastrichtiense superior (Cretácico Superior) de Huesca (España). In Proceedings of the VIII Geological Congress of Spain, Oviedo, Spain, 17–19 July 2012; pp. 269–272.
  57. Pérez Pueyo, M.; Puértolas-Pascual, E.; Bádenas, B. Larra 4: Desenterrando a los últimos vertebrados del maastrichtiense terminal del pirineo aragonés. Zubía 2019, 31, 159–163.
  58. Pérez-Pueyo, M.; Gilabert, V.; Moreno-Azanza, M.; Puertolas-Pascual, E.; Bádenas, B.; Canudo, J.I. Late Maastrichtian fossil assemblage of Veracruz 1 site (Beranuy, NE Spain): Wildfires and bones in a transitional environment. In Proceedings of the VIII Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontología de Dinosaurios y su Entorno, Burgos, Spain, 5–9 September 2019; pp. 111–113.
  59. Barco, J.L.; Ardevol, L.; Canudo, J.I. Descripción de los primeros rastros asignados a Hadrosauridae (Ornithopoda, Dinosauria) del Maastrichtiense de la Península Ibérica (Areny, Huesca). Geogaceta 2001, 30, 235–238.
  60. Vila, B.; Oms, O.; Fondevilla, V.; Gaete, R.; Galobart, À.; Riera, V.; Canudo, J.I. The Latest Succession of Dinosaur Tracksites in Europe: Hadrosaur Ichnology, Track Production and Palaeoenvironments. PLoS ONE 2013, 8, e72579.
  61. Sellés, A.G.; Via, B.; Galobart, À. Spheroolithus europaeus, oosp. nov. (late Maastrichtian, Catalonia), the youngest oological record of hadrosauroids in Eurasia. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 2014, 34, 725–729.
  62. Pérez-Pueyo, M.; Moreno-Azanza, M.; Núñez-Lahuerta, C.; Puértolas-Pascual, E.; Bádenas, B.; Canudo, J.I. Eggshell association of the Late Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) at Blasi 2B fossil site: A scrambled of vertebrate diversity. Ciências da Terra-Procedia 2021, 1, 58–61.
  63. Vila, B.; Galobart, À.; Canudo, J.I.; Le Loeuff, J.; Dinarès-Turell, J.; Riera, V.; Oms, O.; Tortosa, T.; Gaete, R. The diversity of sauropod dinosaurs and their first taxonomic succession from the latest Cretaceous of southwestern Europe: Clues to demise and extinction. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2012, 350–352, 19–38.
  64. Vila, B.; Sellés, A.G. Re-evaluation of the age of some dinosaur localities from the southern Pyrenees by means of megaloolithid oospecies. J. Iber. Geol. 2015, 41.
  65. Canudo, J.I. Descripcion de un fragmento proximal de fémur de Titanosauridae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) del Maastrichtiense superior de Serraduy (Huesca). In Proceedings of the XVII Jornadas de la Sociedad Española de Paleontología, Albarracín, Spain, 18–20 October 2001; pp. 255–262.
  66. Sellés, A.G.; Marmi, J.; Llácer, S.; Blanco, A. The youngest sauropod evidence in Europe. Hist. Biol. 2016, 28, 930–940.
  67. Fondevilla, V.; Vila, B.; Oms, O.; Galobarp, À. Skin impressions of the last European dinosaurs. Geol. Mag. 2017, 154, 393–398.
  68. Díez Díaz, V.; Pereda Suberbiola, X.; Sanz, J.L. The axial skeleton of the titanosaur Lirainosaurus astibiae (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the latest Cretaceous of Spain. Cretac. Res. 2013, 43, 145–160.
  69. Salgado, L.; Coria, R.A.; Calvo, J.O. Evolution of titanosaurid sauropods: Phylogenetic analysis based on the postcranial evidence. Ameghiniana 1997, 34, 3–32.
  70. Upchurch, P.; Barrett, P.M.; Dodson, P. 13. Sauropoda. In The Dinosauria, 2nd ed.; University of California Press: Berkeley, CA, USA, 2019; pp. 259–322.
  71. Calvo, J.O.; Bonaparte, J.F. Andesaurus delgadoi gen. et. sp. nov. (Saurischia-Sauropoda), dinosaurio Titanosauridae de la Formacion Rio Limay (Albiano-Cenomaniano), Neuquen, Argentina. Ameghiniana 1991, 28, 303–310.
  72. Mannion, P.D.; Calvo, J.O. Anatomy of the basal titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Andesaurus delgadoi from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian-early Cenomanian) Río Limay Formation, Neuquén Province, Argentina: Implications for titanosaur systematics. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 2011, 155–181.
  73. Torices, A.; Currie, P.J.; Canudo, J.I.; Pereda-Suberbiola, X. Theropod dinosaurs from the upper cretaceous of the south pyrenees basin of Spain. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 2015, 60, 611–626.
  74. Pérez-García, A.; Ortega, F.; Bolet, A.; Escaso, F.; Houssaye, A.; Martínez-Salanova, J.; de Miguel Chaves, C.; Mocho, P.; Narváez, I.; Segura, M.; et al. A review of the upper Campanian vertebrate site of Armuña (Segovia Province, Spain). Cretac. Res. 2016, 57, 591–623.
  75. Pérez-Pueyo, M.; Puértolas-Pascual, E.; Moreno-Azanza, M.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Gasca, J.M.; Núñez-Lahuerta, C.; Canudo, J.I. First record of a giant bird (Ornithuromorpha) from the uppermost Maastrichtian of the Southern Pyrenees, NE Spain. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 2021, 41, e1900210.
  76. López-Martínez, N.; Canudo, J.I.; Cuenca-Bescós, G. Latest cretaceous eggshells from Arén (Southern Pyrenees, Spain). In Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Dinosaur Eggs and Babies, Isona, Spain, 23–26 September 1999; pp. 35–36.
  77. Núñez-Lahuerta, C.; Moreno-Azanza, M.; Pérez-Pueyo, M. First approach for a taphonomic key for fossil eggs and eggshells accumulations using optic microscopy: The case of Blasi-2B (Upper Cretaceous, Spain). Ciências Terra Procedia 2021, 1, 42–45.
  78. Choi, S.; Moreno-Azanza, M.; Csiki-Sava, Z.; Prondvai, E.; Lee, Y.N. Comparative crystallography suggests maniraptoran theropod affinities for latest Cretaceous European ‘geckoid’ eggshell. Pap. Palaeontol. 2020, 6, 265–292.
  79. Dalla Vecchia, F.M.; Riera, F.M.; Oms, J.O.; Dinarès-Turell, J.; Gaete, R.; Galobart, A. The last pterosaurs: First record from the uppermost Maastrichtian of the Tremp Syncline (Northern Spain). Acta Geol. Sin. 2013, 87, 1198–1227.
  80. Puértolas, E.; Canudo, J.I.; Cruzado-Caballero, P. A new crocodylian from the late Maastrichtian of Spain: Implications for the initial radiation of crocodyloids. PLoS ONE 2011, 6.
  81. Blanco, A.; Puértolas-Pascual, E.; Marmi, J.; Vila, B.; Sellés, A.G. Allodaposuchus palustris sp. nov. from the Upper Cretaceous of Fumanya (South-Eastern Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula): Systematics, Palaeoecology and Palaeobiogeography of the Enigmatic Allodaposuchian Crocodylians. PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e115837.
  82. Blanco, A.; Fortuny, J.; Vicente, A.; Luján, À.H.; García-Marçà, J.A.; Sellés, A.G. A new species of Allodaposuchus (Eusuchia, Crocodylia) from the Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of Spain: Phylogenetic and paleobiological implications. Peer J. 2015, 3, e1171.
  83. Narváez, I.; Brochu, C.A.; Escaso, F.; Pérez-García, A.; Ortega, F. New Crocodyliforms from Southwestern Europe and Definition of a Diverse Clade of European Late Cretaceous Basal Eusuchians. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0140679.
  84. Narváez, I.; Brochu, C.A.; Escaso, F.; Pérez-García, A.; Ortega, F. New Spanish Late Cretaceous eusuchian reveals the synchronic and sympatric presence of two allodaposuchids. Cretac. Res. 2016, 65, 112–125.
  85. Mateus, O.; Puértolas-Pascual, E.; Callapez, P.M. A new eusuchian crocodylomorph from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) of Portugal reveals novel implications on the origin of Crocodylia. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 2019, 186, 501–528.
  86. Puértolas-Pascual, E.; Canudo, J.I.; Moreno-Azanza, M. The eusuchian crocodylomorph Allodaposuchus subjuniperus sp. nov., a new species from the latest Cretaceous (upper Maastrichtian) of Spain. Hist. Biol. 2014, 26, 91–109.
  87. Blanco, A.; Puértolas-Pascual, E.; Marmi, J.; Moncunill-Solé, B.; Llácer, S.; Rössner, G.E. Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) crocodyliforms from north-eastern Iberia: A first attempt to explain the crocodyliform diversity based on tooth qualitative traits. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 2020, 189, 584–617.
  88. Moreno-Azanza, M.; Bauluz, B.; Canudo, J.I.; Puértolas-Pascual, E.; Sellés, A.G. A re-evaluation of aff. Megaloolithidae eggshell fragments from the uppermost Cretaceous of the Pyrenees and implications for crocodylomorph eggshell structure. Hist. Biol. 2014, 26, 195–205.
  89. Hirsch, K.F. Fossil crocodilian eggs from the eocene of Colorado. J. Paleontol. 1985, 3, 531–542.
  90. Vila, B.; Castanera, D.; Marmi, J.; Canudo, J.I.; Galobart, À. Crocodile swim tracks from the latest Cretaceous of Europe. Lethaia 2015, 48, 256–266.
  91. Pérez-Pueyo, M.; Castanera, D.; Bádenas, B.; Canudo, J.I. New evidences of Crocodylomorpha swim tracks in the Maastrichtian of Beranuy (Huesca, Spain). In Proceedings of the XVI Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores en Paleontología, Zarautz, Spain, 11–14 April 2018; pp. 137–140.
  92. De Lapparent de Broin, F.; Murelaga, X. Turtles from Upper Cretaceous of Lano (Iberian Peninsula). Comptes Rendus l’Académie Sci. 1996, 323, 729–735.
  93. Murelaga, X.; Canudo, J.I. Descripción de los restos de quelonios del Maastrichtiense superior de Aren y Serraduy (Huesca). Geogaceta 2005, 28, 51–54.
  94. Blain, H.A.; Canudo, J.I.; Cuenca-Bescós, G.; López-Martínez, N. Amphibians and squamate reptiles from the latest Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of Blasi 2 (Huesca, Spain). Cretac. Res. 2010, 31, 433–446.
  95. Berreteaga, A.; Pereda Suberbiola, X.; Floquet, M.; Olivares, M.; Etxebarria, N.; Iriarte, E.; Badiola Kortabitarte, A.; Elorza, J.; Astibia Ayerra, H. Datos sedimentológicos y tafonómicos de enclaves finicretácicos con fósiles de vertebrados de la Formación Sobrepeña (Burgos, Región Vasco-Cantábrica). Geo-Temas 2008, 10, 1278–1280.
  96. Corral, J.-C.; Pueyo, E.L.; Berreteaga, A.; Rodríguez-Pintó, A.; Sánchez, E.; Pereda-Suberbiola, X. Magnetostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy of the Laño vertebrate-site: Implications in the uppermost Cretaceous chronostratigraphy of the Basque-Cantabrian Region. Cretac. Res. 2016, 57, 473–489.
  97. Company, J. Vertebrados continentales del Cretácico superior (Campaniense- Maatrichtiense) de Valencia. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain, 2004.
  98. Company, J.; Pereda-Suberbiola, X.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I. Last Cretaceous dinosaur faunas from Eastern Iberia into its regional paleogeographic context. Faunal composition and palaeobiogeographical implications. In Proceedings of the IV Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontología de Dinosaurios y su Entorno Salas de los Infantes, Burgos, Spain, 5–9 September 2009; pp. 17–44.
  99. Laurent, Y.; Bilotte, M.; Le Loeuff, J. Late Maastrichtian continental vertebrates from southwestern France: Correlation with marine fauna. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2002, 187, 121–135.
  100. Le Loeuff, J.; Buffetaut, E.; Martin, M. The last stages of dinosaur faunal history in Europe: A succession of Maastrichtian dinosaur assemblages from the Corbières (southern France). Geol. Mag. 1994, 131, 625–630.
  101. Prieto-Márquez, A.; Fondevilla, V.; Sellés, A.G.; Wagner, J.R.; Galobart, À. Adynomosaurus arcanus, a new lambeosaurine dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Ibero-Armorican Island of the European archipelago. Cretac. Res. 2019, 96, 19–37.
  102. Casanovas-Cladellas, M.L.; Santafé-Llopis, J.V.; Isidro-Llorens, A. Pararhabdodon isonensis n. gen. n. sp. (Dinosauria). Estudio mofológico, radio-tomográfico y consideraciones biomecanicas 26-27:121-131. Paleontol. Evol. 1993, 26–27, 121–132.
  103. Serrano, J.F.; Sellés, A.G.; Vila, B.; Galobart, À.; Prieto-Márquez, A. The osteohistology of new remains of Pararhabdodon isonensis sheds light into the life history and paleoecology of this enigmatic European lambeosaurine dinosaur. Cretac. Res. 2021, 118, 104677.
  104. Prieto-Marquez, A.; Wagner, J.R. Pararhabdodon isonensis and Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus: A new clade of lambeosaurine hadrosaurids from Eurasia. Cretac. Res. 2009, 30, 1238–1246.
  105. Prieto-Marquez, A.; Gaete, R.; Rivas, G.; Galobart, À.; Boada, M. Hadrosauroid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Spain: Pararhabdodon isonensis revisited and Koutalisaurus kohlerorum, gen. et sp. nov. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 2006, 26, 929–943.
  106. Blanco, A.; Prieto-Márquez, A.; De Esteban-Trivigno, S. Diversity of hadrosauroid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Ibero-Armorican Island (European Archipelago) assessed from dentary morphology. Cretac. Res. 2015, 56, 447–457.
  107. Fondevilla, V.; Dalla Vecchia, F.M.; Gaete, R.; Galobart, À.; Moncunill-Solé, B.; Köhler, M. Ontogeny and taxonomy of the hadrosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) remains from Basturs Poble bonebed (late early Maastrichtian, Tremp Syncline, Spain). PLoS ONE 2018, 13, e0206287.
  108. Company, J.; Galobart Lorente, À.; Gaete, R. First data on the hadrosaurid dinosaurs (Ornithischia, Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Valencia, Spain. Oryctos 1998, 1, 121–126.
  109. Pereda-Suberbiola, X.; Pérez-García, A.; Corral, J.C.; Murelaga, X.; Martin, G.; Larrañaga, J.; Bardet, N.; Berreteaga, A.; Company, J. First dinosaur and turtle remains from the latest Cretaceous shallow marine deposits of Albaina (Laño quarry, Iberian Peninsula). Comptes Rendus Palevol. 2015, 14, 471–482.
  110. Ogg, J.G.; Hinnov, L.A.; Huang, C. Cretaceous. In The Geologic Time Scale; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2012; pp. 793–853.
  111. Santafé, J.V.; Casanovas, M.L.; Llompart, C. Els Dinosaures i el Seu Entorn Geològic; Diputació de Lleida: Lleida, Spain, 1997.
  112. López-Martínez, N.; Moratalla, J.J.; Sanz, J.L. Dinosaurs nesting on tidal flats. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2000, 160, 153–163.
  113. Baiano, M.; Galobart, À.; Dalla, F.M.; Vila, B. Aplicación de la microtomografía en el estudio de dientes aislados de dinosaurios terópodos. In Proceedings of the XII Encuentro de Jóvenes investigadores en Paleontología, Boltaña, Spain, 9–12 April 2014; pp. 57–59.
  114. Marmi, J.; Blanco, A.; Fondevilla, V.; Dalla Vecchia, F.M.; Sellés, A.G.; Vicente, A.; Martín-Closas, C.; Oms, O.; Galobart, À. The Molí del Baró-1 site, a diverse fossil assemblage from the uppermost Maastrichtian of the southern Pyrenees (north-eastern Iberia). Cretac. Res. 2016, 57, 519–539.
  115. Sellés, A.G.; Vila, B.; Brusatte, S.L.; Currie, P.J.; Galobart, À. A fast-growing basal troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the latest Cretaceous of Europe. Sci. Rep. 2021, 11, 4855.
  116. Sellés, A.G.; Vila, B.; Galobart, À. Diversity of theropod ootaxa and its implications for the latest cretaceous dinosaur turnover in southwestern Europe. Cretac. Res. 2014, 49, 45–54.
  117. Vianey-Liaud, M.; Lopez-Martinez, N. Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Eggshells from the Tremp Basin, Southern Pyrenees, Lleida, Spain. J. Paleontol. 1997, 71, 1157–1171.
  118. Laurent, Y. Les faunes de vertébrés continentaux du Maastrichtien supérieur d’Europe: Systématique et biodiversité. Strat Série 2003, 41, 1–81.
  119. Buffetaut, E.; Clarke, J.B.; Le Loeuff, J. A terminal Cretaceous pterosaur from the Corbieres (southem France) and the problem of pterosaur extinction. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. 1996, 167, 753–759.
  120. Buffetaut, E.; Laurent, Y.; Le Loeuff, J.; Bilotte, M. A terminal Cretaceous giant pterosaur from the French Pyrenees. Geol. Mag. 1997, 134, 553–556.
  121. Buffetaut, E. Late Cretaceous pterosaurs from France: A review. Zitteliana 2008, 28, 249–255.
  122. Company, J.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I.; Suberbiola, X.P. A long-necked pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea, Azhdarchidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Valencia, Spain. Geol. Mijnbouw/Netherlands J. Geosci. 1999, 78, 319–333.
  123. Pereda-Suberbiola, X.; Company, J.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J.I. Azhdarchid pterosaurs from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) of the Iberian Peninsula. In Proceedings of the Munich Flugsaurier, The Wellnhofer Pterosaur Meeting, Munich, Germany, 10–14 September 2007; p. 27.
  124. Blanco, A.; Méndez, J.M.; Marmi, J. The fossil record of the uppermost Maastrichtian Reptile Sandstone (Tremp Formation, northeastern Iberian Peninsula). Span. J. Paleontol. 2015, 30, 147–160.
  125. Laurent, Y.; Buffetaut, E.; Le Loeuff, J. Un crane de thoracosaurine (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) dans le Maastrichtien Supérieur du sud de la France. Oryctos 2000, 3, 19–27.
  126. Brochu, C.A. A new Late Cretaceous gavialoid crocodylian from eastern North America and the phylogenetic relationships of thoracosaurs. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 2004, 24, 610–633.
  127. Le Loeuff, J.; Buffetaut, E.; Cavin, L.; Laurent, Y.; Martin, M.; Martin, V.; Tong, H. Les hadrosaures des Corbières et des Petites Pyrenées. Bull. Soc. Etudes Sci. Aude 1994, 94, 19–21.
  128. Buffetaut, E.; Le Loeuff, J. Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from the foothills of the Pyrenees. Geol. Today 1997, 13, 60–68.
  129. Tennant, J.P.; Mannion, P.D.; Upchurch, P. Evolutionary relationships and systematics of Atoposauridae (Crocodylomorpha: Neosuchia): Implications for the rise of Eusuchia. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 2016, 177, 854–936.
  130. Murelaga, X.; García Garmilla, F.; Pereda Suberbiola, X. Primeros restos de vertebrados del Cretácico Superior de Quecedo de Valdivieso (Burgos). Geogaceta 2005, 195–198.
  131. Berreteaga, A. Estudio Estratigráfico, Sedimentológico y Paleontológico de los Yacimientos con Fósiles de Vertebrados del Cretácico Final de la Región Vasco-Cantábrica. Ph.D. Thesis, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain, 2008.
  132. Laurent, Y.; Tong, H.; Claude, J. New side-necked turtle (Pleurodira: Bothremydidae) from the Upper Maastrichtian of the Petites-Pyrénées (Haute-Garonne, France). Cretac. Res. 2002, 23, 465–471.
  133. Marmi, J.; Luján, Á.H.; Riera, V.; Gaete, R.; Oms, O.; Galobart, À. The youngest species of Polysternon: A new bothremydid turtle from the uppermost Maastrichtian of the southern Pyrenees. Cretac. Res. 2012, 35, 133–142.
  134. Pérez-García, A. Las tortugas mesozoicas de la Peninsula Ibérica. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, 2012.
  135. Murelaga, X.; Pereda Suberbiola, X.; Astibia, H.; Lapparent, F.D. Primeros datos sobre los quelonios del Cretácico superior de Lleida. Geogaceta 1998, 24, 239–242.
  136. Blanco, A.; Bolet, A.; Blain, H.-A.; Fondevilla, V.; Marmi, J. Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) amphibians and squamates from northeastern Iberia. Cretac. Res. 2016, 57, 624–638.
  137. Szentesi, Z.; Company, J. Late Maastrichtian small-sized herpetofauna from Valencia province, eastern Spain. Hist. Biol. 2017, 29, 43–52.
  138. Pol, C.; Buscalioni, A.D.; Carballeira, J.; Francés, V.; López-Martínez, N.; Marandat, B.; Moratalla, J.; Sanz, J.L.; Sigé, B.; Villatte, J. Reptiles and mammals from the Late Cretaceous new locality Quintanilla del Coco (Burgos Province, Spain). Neues Jahrb. Geol. Paläontol. Abh. 1992, 184, 279–314.
  139. Gheerbrant, E.; Astibia, H. Addition to the Late Cretaceous Laño mammal faunule (Spain) and to the knowledge of European “Zhelestidae” (Lainodontinae nov.). Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. 2012, 183, 537–546.
  140. Tabuce, R.; Tortosa, T.; Vianey-Liaud, M.; Garcia, G.; Lebrun, R.; Godefroit, P.; Dutour, Y.; Berton, S.; Valentin, X.; Cheylan, G. New eutherian mammals from the Late Cretaceous of Aix-en-Provence Basin, south-eastern France. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 2013, 169, 653–672.
  141. Peláez-Campomanes, P.; López-Martínez, N.; Álvarez-Sierra, M.A.; Daams, R. The earliest mammal of the European Paleocene: The multituberculate Hainina. J. Paleontol. 2000, 74, 701–711.
  142. López-Martínez, N.; Pelaez-Campomanes, P. New mammals from south-central Pyrenees (Tremp Formation, Spain) and their bearing on late Paleocene marine-continental correlations. Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. 1999, 170, 681–696.
  143. Gheerbrant, E.; Abrial, C.; Cappetta, H. Nouveaux sites a microvertébrés continentaux du Crétacé terminal des Petites Pyrénées (Haute-Garonne et Ariège, France). Geobios 1997, 30, 257–269.
More