Fabrication-4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers: Comparison
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Please note this is a comparison between Version 2 by Karina Chen and Version 1 by Paulo Nobre Balbis dos Reis.

Additive manufacturing (AM) is the process through which components/structures are produced layer-by-layer. In this context, 4D printing combines 3D printing with time so that this combination results in additively manufactured components that respond to external stimuli and, consequently, change their shape/volume or modify their mechanical properties. Therefore, 4D printing uses shape-memory materials that react to external stimuli such as pH, humidity, and temperature. Among the possible materials with shape memory effect (SME), the most suitable for additive manufacturing are shape memory polymers (SMPs).

  • additive manufacturing (AM)
  • fused filament fabrication (FFF)
  • 4D printing
  • shape memory effect (SME)
  • mechanical performance
  • structural integrity
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