References

1. Souza, V.G.L.; Fernando, A.L. Nanoparticles in food packaging: Biodegradability and potential migration to food—A review. Food Packag. Shelf Life 2016, 8, 63–70.
2. Fortunati, E.; Luzi, F.; Yang, W.; Kenny, J.M.; Torre, L.; Puglia, D. Bio-based nanocomposites in food packaging. In Nanomaterials for Food Packaging; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2018; pp. 71–110. ISBN 9780323512718.
3. Lambert, S.; Wagner, M.; Wagner, M. Environmental performance of bio-based and biodegradable plastics: The road ahead. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017, 46, 6855–6871.
4. Souza, V.G.L.; Pires, J.R.A.; Rodrigues, C.; Coelhoso, I.M.; Fernando, A.L. Chitosan Composites in Packaging Industry—Current Trends and Future Challenges. Polymers 2020, 12, 417.
5. Andrade, M.A.; Barbosa, C.H.; Souza, V.G.L.; Coelhoso, I.M.; Reboleira, J.; Bernardino, S.; Ganhão, R.; Mendes, S.; Fernando, A.L.; Vilarinho, F.; et al. Novel Active Food Packaging Films Based on Whey Protein Incorporated with Seaweed Extract: Development, Characterization, and Application in Fresh Poultry Meat. Coatings 2021, 11, 229.
6. Kowalczyk, D.; Baraniak, B. Effect of candelilla wax on functional properties of biopolymer emulsion films—A comparative study. Food Hydrocoll. 2014, 41, 195–209.
7. Saratale, R.G.; Cho, S.K.; Ghodake, G.S.; Shin, H.S.; Saratale, G.D.; Park, Y.; Lee, H.S.; Bharagava, R.N.; Kim, D.S. Utilization of noxious weed water hyacinth biomass as a potential feedstock for biopolymers production: A novel approach. Polymers 2020, 12, 1704.
8. Suwanamornlert, P.; Kerddonfag, N.; Sane, A.; Chinsirikul, W.; Zhou, W.; Chonhenchob, V. Poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene-succinate-co-adipate) (PLA/PBSA) blend films containing thymol as alternative to synthetic preservatives for active packaging of bread. Food Packag. Shelf Life 2020, 25, 100515.
9. Rodrigues, C.; Souza, V.G.L.; Rashad, M.; Pari, L.; Outzourhit, A.; Fernando, A.L. Mucilage extraction from Opuntia spp for production of biofilms. Eur. Biomass Conf. Exhib. Proc. 2019, 1459.
10. Souza, V.G.L.; Pires, J.R.; Vieira, É.T.; Coelhoso, I.M.; Duarte, M.P.; Fernando, A.L. Shelf Life Assessment of Fresh Poultry Meat Packaged in Novel Bionanocomposite of Chitosan/Montmorillonite Incorporated with Ginger Essential Oil. Coatings 2018, 8, 177.
11. Pires, J.R.A.; de Souza, V.G.L.; Fernando, A.L. Chitosan/montmorillonite bionanocomposites incorporated with rosemary and ginger essential oil as packaging for fresh poultry meat. Food Packag. Shelf Life 2018, 17, 142–149.
12. Ali, A.; Ahmed, S. A review on chitosan and its nanocomposites in drug delivery. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2018, 109, 273–286.
13. Hubbe, M.A.; Ferrer, A.; Tyagi, P.; Yin, Y.; Salas, C.; Pal, L.; Rojas, O.J. Nanocellulose in thin films, coatings, and plies for packaging applications: A review. BioResources 2017, 12, 2143–2233.
14. Noshirvani, N.; Ghanbarzadeh, B.; Rezaei, R.; Hashemi, M.; Rezaei Mokarram, R.; Hashemi, M.; Rezaei, R.; Hashemi, M. Novel active packaging based on carboxymethyl cellulose-chitosan-ZnO NPs nanocomposite for increasing the shelf life of bread. Food Packag. Shelf Life 2017, 11, 106–114.
15. Alves, V.L.C.D.; Rico, B.P.M.; Cruz, R.M.S.; Vicente, A.A.; Khmelinskii, I.; Vieira, M.C. Preparation and characterization of a chitosan film with grape seed extract- carvacrol microcapsules and its effect on the shelf-life of refrigerated Salmon (Salmo salar). Lwt Food Sci. Technol. 2018, 89, 525–534.
16. Kumar, S.; Mukherjee, A.; Dutta, J. Chitosan based nanocomposite fi lms and coatings: Emerging antimicrobial food packaging alternatives. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2020, 97, 196–209.
17. Alves, V.D.; Costa, N.; Coelhoso, I.M. Barrier properties of biodegradable composite films based on kappa-carrageenan/pectin blends and mica flakes. Carbohydr. Polym. 2010, 79, 269–276.
18. Siracusa, V. Food Packaging Permeability Behaviour: A Report. Int. J. Polym. Sci. 2012, 2012, 302029.
19. Souza, V.G.L.; Fernando, A.L.; Pires, J.R.A.; Rodrigues, P.F.; Lopes, A.A.S.S.; Fernandes, F.M.B. Physical properties of chitosan films incorporated with natural antioxidants. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2017, 107, 565–572.
20. Ferreira, A.R.V.; Torres, C.A.V.; Freitas, F.; Sevrin, C.; Grandfils, C.; Reis, M.A.M.; Alves, V.D.; Coelhoso, I.M. Development and characterization of bilayer films of FucoPol and chitosan. Carbohydr. Polym. 2016, 147, 8–15.
21. Tunç, S.; Duman, O.; Polat, T.G. Effects of montmorillonite on properties of methyl cellulose/carvacrol based active antimicrobial nanocomposites. Carbohydr. Polym. 2016, 150, 259–268.
22. Shankar, S.; Rhim, J. Bionanocomposite films for food packaging applications. Ref. Modul. Food Sci. 2018, 1–10.
23. Jamróz, E.; Kopel, P.; Tkaczewska, J.; Dordevic, D.; Jancikova, S.; Kulawik, P.; Milosavljevic, V.; Dolezelikova, K.; Smerkova, K.; Svec, P.; et al. Nanocomposite Furcellaran Films—the Influence of Nanofillers on Functional Properties of Furcellaran Films and Effect on Linseed Oil Preservation. Polymers 2019, 11, 2046.
24. Pires, J.R.A.; Souza, V.G.L.; Fernando, A.L. Production of Nanocellulose from Lignocellulosic Biomass Wastes: Prospects and Limitations. In Innovation, Engineering and Entrepreneurship; Machado, J., Soares, F., Veiga, G., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering; Springer International Publishing: Cham, Switzerland, 2019; Volume 505, pp. 719–725. ISBN 978-3-319-91333-9.
25. Souza, V.G.L.; Pires, J.R.A.; Rodrigues, C.; Rodrigues, P.F.; Lopes, A.; Silva, R.J.; Caldeira, J.; Duarte, M.P.; Fernandes, F.B.; Coelhoso, I.M.; et al. Physical and Morphological Characterization of Chitosan/Montmorillonite Films Incorporated with Ginger Essential Oil. Coatings 2019, 9, 700.
26. Bharimalla, A.K.; Deshmukh, S.P.; Vigneshwaran, N.; Patil, P.G.; Prasad, V.; Deshmukh, S.P.; Vigneshwaran, N.; Patil, P.G.; Prasad, V. Nanocellulose-Polymer Composites for Applications in Food Packaging: Current Status, Future Prospects and Challenges Nanocellulose-Polymer Composites for Applications in Food Packaging: Current. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 2017, 56, 805–823.
27. Souza, V.G.L.; Pires, J.R.A.; Rodrigues, C.; Coelhoso, I.; Fernando, A.L. Novel Approaches for Chitin/Chitosan Composites in the Packaging Industry. In Chitin- and Chitosan-Based Biocomposites for Food Packaging Applications; Jacob, J., Loganathan, S., Thomas, S., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2020; pp. 87–96. ISBN 9780429299605.
28. Sionkowska, A.; Michalska-Sionkowska, M.; Walczak, M. Preparation and characterization of collagen/hyaluronic acid/chitosan film crosslinked with dialdehyde starch. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020, 149, 290–295.
29. Wang, W.; Meng, Q.; Li, Q.; Liu, J.; Zhou, M.; Jin, Z.; Zhao, K. Chitosan derivatives and their application in biomedicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 487.
30. Yadav, A.K.; Dhiman, T.K.; Lakshmi, G.B.V.S.; Berlina, A.N.; Solanki, P.R. A highly sensitive label-free amperometric biosensor for norfloxacin detection based on chitosan-yttria nanocomposite. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020, 151, 566–575.
31. Wang, Z.; Yan, F.; Pei, H.; Yan, K.; Cui, Z.; He, B.; Fang, K.; Li, J. Environmentally-friendly halloysite /polyvinyl alcohol/non-woven fabric hybrid membranes with a uniform hierarchical porous structure for air filtration. J. Memb. Sci. 2020, 594, 117445.
32. Ali, N.; Khan, A.; Bilal, M.; Malik, S.; Badshah, S.; Iqbal, H.M.N. Chitosan-based bio-composite modified with thiocarbamate moiety for decontamination of cations from the aqueous media. Molecules 2020, 25, 226.
33. Prokhorov, E.; Luna-Bárcenas, G. Negative electrical tunability of chitosan–graphene oxide nanocomposites. Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process. 2020, 126, 1–8.
34. Paul, D.R.; Robeson, L.M. Polymer nanotechnology: Nanocomposites. Polymer 2008, 49, 3187–3204.
35. Souza, V.G.L.; Pires, J.R.A.; Vieira, É.T.; Coelhoso, I.M.; Duarte, M.P.; Fernando, A.L. Activity of chitosan-montmorillonite bionanocomposites incorporated with rosemary essential oil: From in vitro assays to application in fresh poultry meat. Food Hydrocoll. 2019, 89, 241–252.
36. da Silva Scudeler, C.G.; de Lima Costa, T.; Cortez-Vega, W.R.; Prentice, C.; Fonseca, G.G. Development and characterization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) protein isolate-based biopolymer films incorporated with essential oils and nanoclay. Food Packag. Shelf Life 2020, 25, 100542.
37. Xu, D.; Qin, H.; Ren, D. Prolonged preservation of tangerine fruits using chitosan/montmorillonite composite coating. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 2018, 143, 50–57.
38. Liu, S.; Cai, P.; Li, X.; Chen, L.; Li, L.; Li, B. Effect of film multi-scale structure on the water vapor permeability in hydroxypropyl starch (HPS)/Na-MMT nanocomposites. Carbohydr. Polym. 2016, 154, 186–193.
39. Llanos, J.H.R.; Tadini, C.C. Preparation and characterization of bio-nanocomposite films based on cassava starch or chitosan, reinforced with montmorillonite or bamboo nanofibers. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2018, 107, 371–382.
40. Nouri, A.; Yaraki, M.T.; Ghorbanpour, M.; Agarwal, S.; Gupta, V.K. Enhanced Antibacterial effect of chitosan film using Montmorillonite/CuO nanocomposite. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2017, 109, 1219–1231.
41. ASTM International. ASTM D3985-05, Standard Test Method for Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Coulometric Sensor; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2017.
42. Lee, M.H.; Kim, S.Y.; Park, H.J. Effect of halloysite nanoclay on the physical, mechanical, and antioxidant properties of chitosan films incorporated with clove essential oil. Food Hydrocoll. 2018, 84, 58–67.
43. Akrami-Hasan-Kohal, M.; Ghorbani, M.; Mahmoodzadeh, F.; Nikzad, B. Development of reinforced aldehyde-modified kappa-carrageenan/gelatin film by incorporation of halloysite nanotubes for biomedical applications. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020, 160, 669–676.
44. Yousefi, P.; Hamedi, S.; Garmaroody, E.R.; Koosha, M. Antibacterial nanobiocomposite based on halloysite nanotubes and extracted xylan from bagasse pith. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020, 160, 276–287.
45. Gómez, H.C.; Serpa, A.; Velásquez-Cock, J.; Gañán, P.; Castro, C.; Vélez, L.; Zuluaga, R. Vegetable nanocellulose in food science: A review. Food Hydrocoll. 2016, 57, 178–186.
46. Mondal, S. Preparation, properties and applications of nanocellulosic materials. Carbohydr. Polym. 2017, 163, 301–316.
47. Dehnad, D.; Emam-djomeh, Z.; Mirzaei, H. Optimization of physical and mechanical properties for chitosan—Nanocellulose biocomposites. Carbohydr. Polym. 2014, 105, 222–228.
48. Pires, J.R.A.; Souza, V.G.L.; Fernando, A.L. Valorization of energy crops as a source for nanocellulose production—Current knowledge and future prospects. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2019, 140, 111642.
49. Ferrer, A.; Pal, L.; Hubbe, M. Nanocellulose in packaging: Advances in barrier layer technologies. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2017, 95, 574–582.
50. Corsello, F.A.; Bolla, P.A.; Anbinder, P.S.; Serradell, M.A.; Amalvy, J.I.; Peruzzo, P.J. Morphology and properties of neutralized chitosan-cellulose nanocrystals biocomposite films. Carbohydr. Polym. 2017, 156, 452–459.
51. Azeredo, H.M.C.; Mattoso, L.H.C.; Avena-Bustillos, R.J.; Filho, G.C.; Munford, M.L.; Wood, D.; McHugh, T.H. Nanocellulose reinforced chitosan composite films as affected by nanofiller loading and plasticizer content. J. Food Sci. 2010, 75, 1–7.
52. Zhang, X.; Li, Y.; Guo, M.; Jin, T.Z.; Arabi, S.A.; He, Q.; Ismail, B.B.; Hu, Y.; Liu, D. Antimicrobial and UV Blocking Properties of Composite Chitosan Films with Curcumin Grafted Cellulose Nanofiber. Food Hydrocoll. 2021, 112, 106337.
53. Sanuja, S.; Agalya, A.; Umapathy, M.J. Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide-neem oil-chitosan bionanocomposite for food packaging application. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015, 74, 76–84.
54. Yadav, S.; Mehrotra, G.K.; Dutta, P.K. Chitosan based ZnO nanoparticles loaded gallic-acid films for active food packaging. Food Chem. 2021, 334, 127605.
55. Motelica, L.; Ficai, D.; Ficai, A.; Truşcă, R.-D.; Ilie, C.-I.; Oprea, O.-C.; Andronescu, E. Innovative Antimicrobial Chitosan/ZnO/Ag NPs/Citronella Essential Oil Nanocomposite—Potential Coating for Grapes. Foods 2020, 9, 1801.
56. Liu, Y.; Wang, S.; Lan, W.; Qin, W. Fabrication of polylactic acid/carbon nanotubes/chitosan composite fibers by electrospinning for strawberry preservation. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019, 121, 1329–1336.
57. Fernandes, C.; Calderon, V.S.; Ballesteros, L.F.; Cerqueira, M.A.; Pastrana, L.M.; Teixeira, J.A.; Ferreira, P.J.; Carvalho, S. Carbon-based sputtered coatings for enhanced chitosan-based films properties. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2018, 433, 689–695.