NOx Emission Reduction and Recovery: Comparison
Please note this is a comparison between Version 2 by Rita Xu and Version 1 by Ruixiong Zhang.

Since its first confirmed case at the end of 2019, COVID-19 has become a global pandemic in three months with more than 1.4 million confirmed cases worldwide, as of early April 2020. Quantifying the changes of pollutant emissions due to COVID-19 and associated governmental control measures is crucial to understand its impacts on economy, air pollution, and society. We used the WRF-GC model and the tropospheric NO

2

column observations retrieved by the TROPOMI instrument to derive the top-down NOx emission change estimation between the three periods: P1 (January 1

st

to January 22

nd

, 2020), P2 (January 23

rd

, Wuhan lockdown, to February 9

th

, 2020), and P3 (February 10

th

, back-to-work day, to March 12

th

, 2020). We found that NOx emissions in East China averaged during P2 decreased by 50% compared to those averaged during P1. The NOx emissions averaged during P3 increased by 26% compared to those during P2. Most provinces in East China gradually regained some of their NOx emissions after February 10, the official back-to-work day, but NOx emissions in most provinces have not yet to return to their previous levels in early January. NOx emissions in Wuhan, the first epicenter of COVID-19, had no sign of emission recovering by March 12. A few provinces, such as Zhejiang and Shanxi, have recovered fast, with their averaged NOx emissions during P3 almost back to pre-lockdown levels.

  • COVID-19
  • air pollutant emission
  • TROPOMI
  • NO2
  • NOx
  • economic activity
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References

  1. Patel, K.; Stevens, J.; European Space Agency; NASA Aura team; NASA SPoRT team. Airborne Nitrogen Dioxide Plummets over China. Available online: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/146362/airborne-nitrogen-dioxide-plummets-over-china (accessed on 7 April 2020).
  2. Hubei COVID-19 Headquarter. Hubei Back-to-Work Notice. Available online: https://www.hubei.gov.cn/zhuanti/2020/gzxxgzbd/zxtb/202003/t20200311_2178823.shtml (accessed on 7 April 2020).
  3. Yeung, K. Coronavirus: Zhejiang Province Orders Relaxation of Excessive Controls to Allow Life to Return to Normal. Available online: https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3049821/coronavirus-chinese-province-orders-relaxation-excessive (accessed on 5 April 2020).
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  5. He, L.; Cui, L.; Ma, X.; Li, L.; Wei, Y.; Zheng, M. Economic Powerhouse Leads Legislation in Beefing up Private Sector. Available online: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/22/c_138727326.htm (accessed on 20 April 2020).
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  7. J.-T. Lin; M. B. McElroy; Detection from space of a reduction in anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides during the Chinese economic downturn. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2011, 11, 8171–8188, 10.5194/acpd-11-193-2011.
  8. Gu, D.; Wang, Y.; Smeltzer, C.; Boersma, K.F; Anthropogenic emissions of NOx over China: Reconciling the difference of inverse modeling results using GOME-2 and OMI measurements. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 2014, 119, 2014JD021644.
  9. Jintai Lin; Pan Da; Zhang Rui-Xiong; Trend and Interannual Variability of Chinese Air Pollution since 2000 in Association with Socioeconomic Development: A Brief Overview. Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2013, 6, 84-89, 10.1080/16742834.2013.11447061.
  10. The World Bank. Exports of Goods and Services (Percentage of GDP). Available online: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS?locations=CN (accessed on 5 April 2020).
  11. Wikipedia. Curfews and Lockdowns Related to the 2019–20 Coronavirus Pandemic. Available online: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curfews_and_lockdowns_related_to_the_2019%E2%80%9320_coronavirus_pandemic (accessed on 20 April 2020).
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