Organic agriculture practices refer to the specific crop production and management techniques used to maintain soil fertility, regulate pests and diseases, support plant growth, and reduce reliance on synthetic agricultural inputs in organic farming systems. These practices include crop rotation, intercropping, cover cropping, green manuring, composting, and the application of permitted organic fertilizers to improve nutrient cycling and soil structure. Weed, pest, and disease management relies primarily on preventive and ecological approaches, such as selecting resistant varieties, mechanical weed control, habitat management for natural enemies, and biological control agents [1][2]. Soil cultivation, irrigation, and residue management are also adapted to local agroecological conditions to maintain soil health and minimize environmental degradation. Their effectiveness depends on the integration of these techniques across the production system rather than the isolated adoption of individual practices [2][3].
- organic farming
- crop rotation
- cover crops
- soil fertility
- biological pest control
- crop protection
- sustainable crop production
Organic Food and Agriculture • Plant Science • Agricultural and Biological Sciences • Life Sciences
References
- Paola Migliorini; Alexander Wezel; Converging and diverging principles and practices of organic agriculture regulations and agroecology. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 2017, 37, 63. [CrossRef]
- A.H.C. van Bruggen; M.R. Finckh; Plant Diseases and Management Approaches in Organic Farming Systems. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2016, 54, 25-54. [CrossRef]
- Leonidas Rempelos; Marcin Baranski; Juan Wang; Timothy N. Adams; Kolawole Adebusuyi; Jeremy J. Beckman; Charlotte J. Brockbank; Bradley S. Douglas; Tianer Feng; Jem D. Greenway; Mehmet Gür; Eric Iyaremye; Chi Leong Kong; Recep Korkut; Shreiya S. Kumar; Jonas Kwedibana; Julia Masselos; Benedicto N. Mutalemwa; Baring S. Nkambule; Olatunde B. Oduwole; Ayobami Karimot Oladipo; Julius O. Olumeh; Leticija Petrovic; Nina Röhrig; Sarah A. Wyld; Luxi Xu; Yaqiong Pan; Eleni Chatzidimitriou; Hannah Davis; Amelia Magistrali; Enas Sufar; Gultakin Hasanaliyeva; Hassan Habib Hassan Ashra Kalee; Adam Willson; Manisha Thapa; Pip Davenport; Dominika Średnicka-Tober; Nikos Volakakis; Anthony Watson; Chris J. Seal; Mark Goltz; Peter Kindersley; Per Ole Iversen; Carlo Leifert; Integrated Soil and Crop Management in Organic Agriculture: A Logical Framework to Ensure Food Quality and Human Health?. Agronomy 2021, 11, 2494. [CrossRef]