Irrigated agriculture refers to agricultural production systems in which water is deliberately supplied to cultivated land through artificial irrigation facilities to supplement or replace precipitation and meet crop water requirements. It includes surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, and subsurface irrigation, with the selection of methods depending on crop characteristics, soil properties, water availability, and local environmental conditions ^[1][2]. Effective irrigation management involves determining the appropriate timing, frequency, and quantity of water application to maintain soil moisture, support crop growth, and improve water-use efficiency ^[1][3]. From a soil science perspective, irrigation influences soil water distribution, infiltration, nutrient transport, aeration, and salt accumulation. Inadequate irrigation and drainage management can contribute to waterlogging, soil salinization, and sodicity, thereby reducing soil fertility and crop productivity ^[2][4]. Irrigated agriculture therefore requires coordinated management of irrigation water, soil conditions, drainage, and crop water demands to sustain agricultural production while minimizing resource degradation.