Agricultural modernization refers to the transformation of agricultural production systems through the adoption and integration of advanced technologies, improved production methods, scientific knowledge, and modern organizational practices. It involves the mechanization of farming operations, development of improved crop varieties and livestock breeds, application of precision agriculture and digital technologies, and improvement of irrigation, soil management, and resource utilization ^[1][2]. The process also encompasses innovations in aquaculture, including advanced breeding techniques, water-quality monitoring, automated feeding systems, and sustainable production technologies ^[3]. Agricultural modernization is characterized by changes in production efficiency, technological capabilities, infrastructure, and the organization of agricultural activities. It aims to strengthen the productive capacity and technological sophistication of agricultural systems while improving resource-use efficiency and environmental performance ^[2]. Its development depends on the integration of engineering innovations, biological research, and advances in agricultural and aquatic sciences.