Punctuation refers to the conventional system of graphic marks used in written language to organize text, indicate grammatical and textual relationships, and guide interpretation ^[1][2]. It includes marks such as periods, commas, semicolons, colons, question marks, exclamation marks, quotation marks, parentheses, and dashes. Punctuation performs structural functions by marking sentence and clause boundaries, separating linguistic units, and indicating syntactic relationships. It also serves pragmatic, rhetorical, and stylistic functions by conveying emphasis, attitude, and discourse organization ^[2][3]. Rather than simply representing pauses or intonation in speech, punctuation constitutes an organized subsystem of written language with conventions that interact with grammar, semantics, and textual structure ^[1][3].