Supercritical fluid extraction is an engineering separation process in which a fluid maintained above its critical temperature and pressure—a supercritical fluid—is contacted with a solid or liquid matrix within a high-pressure vessel, effecting the selective transfer of soluble components from the matrix into the fluid phase ^[1][2]. The process exploits the hybrid physicochemical state of the supercritical fluid, which exhibits liquid-like density and solvating power together with gas-like viscosity and diffusivity, so that the solvent strength of the fluid is continuously tunable through manipulation of pressure and temperature ^[3]. Engineering description of the process is organized around the packed-bed contactor, in which the matrix is held as a fixed bed and the supercritical solvent percolates through the interparticle void space; mass transfer from the solid matrix to the bulk fluid is governed by external film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion, and the axial dispersion and pressure drop within the bed are determined by bed porosity, particle size, and solvent velocity ^[1]. The unit operation is realized through a high-pressure extraction vessel, a pump system for solvent delivery and pressurization, and a separation vessel in which the extract is recovered by controlled depressurization ^[4]. Process design and scale-up require mathematical models that couple mass balances, equilibrium relations, and transport rate expressions to predict extraction yield as a function of operating pressure, temperature, solvent flow rate, and bed geometry ^[1]. Supercritical fluid extraction therefore designates the integrated engineering system—thermodynamic solvent selection, packed-bed transport, high-pressure equipment, and model-based process design—through which supercritical fluids are applied to separate soluble constituents from solid matrices ^[2][3][4].