Remote education is a mode of education in which teaching and learning take place when instructors and learners are physically separated, with interaction and content delivery mediated through digital, broadcast, print, or blended communication channels [1][2][3][4]. It includes synchronous and asynchronous formats, such as live online classes, recorded lessons, learning management systems, televised/radio instruction, and distributed learning materials. Remote education is characterized by distance-based instructional design, mediated communication, and explicit coordination of access, engagement, feedback, and assessment outside shared physical classrooms [2][3][4]. In policy and practice, the term denotes organized distance-delivery education, distinct from temporary homework arrangements that lack structured instructional interaction and system-level support [1][2][3][4].
- remote education
- distance learning
- online learning
- emergency remote teaching
Education and Digital Technologies • Sociology and Political Science • Social Sciences • Social Sciences
References
- Michael G. Moore; Editorial: Three types of interaction. Am. J. Distance Educ. 1989, 3, 1-7. [CrossRef]
- Bozkurt, A.; Sharma, R. C. Emergency Remote Teaching in a Time of Global Crisis due to Coronavirus Pandemic. Asian J. Distance Educ. 2020, 15 (1), i–vi. https://www.asianjde.com/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/447.
- Robert M. Bernard; Philip C. Abrami; Eugene Borokhovski; C. Anne Wade; Rana M. Tamim; Michael A. Surkes; Edward Clement Bethel; A Meta-Analysis of Three Types of Interaction Treatments in Distance Education. Rev. Educ. Res. 2009, 79, 1243-1289. [CrossRef]
- Melissa Bond; Svenja Bedenlier; Victoria I. Marín; Marion Händel; Emergency remote teaching in higher education: mapping the first global online semester. Int. J. Educ. Technol. High. Educ. 2021, 18, 1-24. [CrossRef]