Power conversion efficiency (commonly abbreviated as PCE) is a fundamental dimensionless photovoltaic performance metric defined as the ratio between the maximum electrical output power generated by a photovoltaic device and the incident optical input power striking the active device area under well‑defined illumination, temperature, and spectral test conditions [1][2]. It quantifies the fractional capability of a solar‑cell device to transform incoming radiant solar energy into usable direct‑current electrical power, conventionally reported as a percentage value [3]. This parameter is dependent on intrinsic material optoelectronic characteristics, device layer architecture, and external operating conditions including irradiance magnitude, ambient temperature, and incident light spectrum [4][5]. Power conversion efficiency is mathematically derived from three core device figures‑of‑merit: open‑circuit voltage, short‑circuit current density, and fill factor, and it serves as the primary comparative benchmark for evaluating and classifying different photovoltaic absorber materials and solar‑cell configurations [6].
- Open‑circuit voltage
- Short‑circuit current density
- Perovskite solar cell
- Standard test conditions
References
- Green, M.A., Hishikawa, Y., Dunlop, E.D., Levi, D.H., Hohl-Ebinger, J., Yoshita, M., Ho-Baillie, A.W.Y. Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 53). Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2019, 27, 3–12. [CrossRef]
- ISO 15387:2005, Space systems — Single‑junction solar cells — Measurement procedures, 2005, https://www.iso.org/standard/36464.html.
- Bhojak, V.; Jain, P.K. Theoretical Analysis of Power Conversion Efficiency of Lead-Free Double-Perovskite Cs2TiBr6 Solar Cells with Different Hole Transport Layers. Vivek Bhojak; Praveen Kumar Jain; Theoretical Analysis of Power Conversion Efficiency of Lead-Free Double-Perovskite Cs2TiBr6 Solar Cells with Different Hole Transport Layers. Eng 2025, 6, 28. [CrossRef]
- Al Atem, M.; Makableh, Y. Towards Sustainable Perovskite Solar Cells: Lead-Free High Efficiency Designs with Tin and Germanium. Marc Al Atem; Yahia Makableh; Towards Sustainable Perovskite Solar Cells: Lead-Free High Efficiency Designs with Tin and Germanium. Eng 2025, 6, 38. [CrossRef]
- Al Atem, M.; Makableh, Y.; Arnaout, M. Analytical Solutions for Current–Voltage Properties of PSCs and Equivalent Circuit Approximation. Marc Al Atem; Yahia Makableh; Mohamad Arnaout; Analytical Solutions for Current–Voltage Properties of PSCs and Equivalent Circuit Approximation. Eng 2025, 6, 62. [CrossRef]
- Elumalai, N.K.; Mahmud, M.A.; Wang, D.; Uddin, A. Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Advancements. Naveen Kumar Elumalai; Arafat Mahmud; Dian Wang; Ashraf Uddin; Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Advancements. Energies 2016, 9, 861. [CrossRef]