Fiber‑reinforced polymer is a class of two‑phase composite material consisting of discrete reinforcing fibrous phases embedded within a continuous polymer matrix phase [1][2]. The fibrous phase primarily bears applied mechanical loads, while the surrounding polymer matrix transfers stress among individual fibers, constrains fiber position, and provides environmental protection for the reinforcing constituents [2][3]. Its constituent fibrous phase may comprise glass, carbon, aramid, or alternative inorganic and organic fibers, whereas the polymer matrix can be either thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer substances [1][4]. Fiber‑reinforced polymer is defined by its heterogeneous multi‑phase microstructure, in which fibers and polymer matrix retain their distinct original chemical identities without forming homogeneous solid‑solution products during material formation [3][5].
Fiber-reinforced polymer composites • Mechanical Engineering • Engineering • Physical Sciences