1. Introduction

To reache scale and nature of climate change issues require a much more rapid and sustainability targets, there must be a quicker and more radical changetransformation of built environments ^{[1][2][3][4][5]}. Existing and new built environments need to be Chave characteristics that enablof more sustainability such asle built environments include increased densities, mixed-use neighbourhoods,planning, improved energy and water efficiency and the use of biobased materials and renewable energy systems and pr.

Hoducts and swervices based on the circular economy.

Cver, the onset of climate change also means that built environments mustare adapt to new and unpredictable weather conditions including extreme heatfaced with unprecedented environmental hazards such as increasing temperatures, heatwaves, droughts, storms, and flooding^{[6][7][8][9][10]}. TBuilt environments, this will require cerefore, must also be able to respond to environmental hazards. Characteristics which supportof resilience such as increased insulation and cooling systemt built environments include flood defences, strengthened structures,al elements and raised floors and flood wallobust energy and water systems which can withstand extreme weather conditions. 

2. Conflicts between Resilience and Sustainability

ThA rese pressures raise several questions. Can moreview of the concepts and characteristics of sustainable and resilient built environments be created which are both more sindicates that there are conflicts between the two approaches.

Sustainable built environment and more resilient? In developpproaches are concerned with reducing environmental impacts and achieving more sustainable environments, can refficient performance. For instance, bio-based materials and more energy and water-efficient systems are advocated. Resilience principles be drawn on to address climate change? How can the apparent conflicts between these approaches be managed? t built environment approaches on the other hand are concerned with strengthening structure and developing more robust systems. This may be achieved through additional materials which are used to strengthen structures and more reliable, but often less efficient, equipment and systems.

3. Resilient Sustainability

Achieving sustainable development and climate change targets will require approaches theat integration of e sustainability and resilience.

This can be achieved through integration can be referred to asng the concepts of sustainability and resilient ce in the form of sustainable resilience. Resilient sustainability is described by can be understood as developing and maintaining capabilities required for sustainability, despite disturbances. López-Ridaura et al., idescribe this in the following way:

“..the degree to which a system is sustainable will depend on its capabilities to pro-duce…, a specific combination of goods and services that satisfies a set of goals ..even when facing..‘extreme’ …variations” ^[11].

Thuis, in built environments,  resilient definition enables sustainability can be understood as theand resilience objectives to be combined and that development of built environments which enablemust focus on achieving sustainability, while ensuring that the functionality of these environments is capabilities. With these in place, it confirms that these must be maintained and enhanced d through a focus on resilience.

ResilienceA in urban andrange of built environments has been addressed by resilience frameworks exist. These include the City Resilience Index developed by Arup, the City Resilience Profiling Tool developed by UN-Habitat and disaster resilience indicators developed by ISO as well as cthose the developed for US and South African cities^{[12][13][14][15][16]}.

TSuárez et al., points out that these frameworks do not include sustainability and focus on the recovery and adaptation of existing engngineering and ecological systems^[17]. They do not infocludeus on transformation and social change ^[18]central to definitions .of Rresiliencet by Folke ^[18] fra. Elmeworks are also selected for their ability to reinforce and strengthen particular sectorsqvist et al., points out that urban systems can have many different development trajectories and that resilience frameworks select those they wish to strengthen ^[19]. Thus, fFor instance, some frameworks will address flooding, while others will deal with issuaim to help cities cope with health, social or natural disaster crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic ^[17].  The RESUME framework focuses on achieving resilient sustainable development. 

4. Resilient Sustainability Measurement and Evaluation (RESUME) Framework

The Resilient Sustainability Measurement and Evaluation (RESUME) framework aims to ensure that sustainable development trajectories are maintained. It combines sustainability objectives and resilience principles to propose resilient sustainable built environment capabilities and characteristics^[20]. These are shown in the table below.

5. Discussion

The RESUME tool includes criteria that measure these resilient sustainable built environment capabilities and characteristics and can be used to evaluate urban areas and has been used to assess informal settlements in South Africa.

The RESUME approach differs from cothernventional urban resilience frameworks in two distinct ways.

First, instead of a broad focus on the recovery of engineering and ecological systems, resit aims to develop andlient sustainability only addresses the maintain more sustainableenance and development of urban systems. Thus, if climate change damaged an un and characteristics that support sustainable system, itsility. Thus, the recovery in its current form would not beof systems or aspects that do not directly support sustainability is not prioritized a.

Second, instead, a more sustainable adapation or a replacement with a moresocial transformation and change are central to the tool. Achieving change that enables sustainability is the goal of resilient sustainable system would be prioritised.

Secility which selectively strengthens systems that support this. Thus a disruptive event is used tond, change and transformation are integral to the methodology. Rather than reinforcing the status quo, it seeks to promote change and transformationdevelop more sustainable systems within a neighborhood instead of trying to support the recovery of systems and characteristics that create more were unsustainable resilient systemse. 

6. Conclusion

By combining sustainability and resilience, the concept of resilient sustainability and the RESUME methodologyis highly relevant to resource and capacity-constrained areas, as the framework provides a way to address mechanism for the prioritization of human and sustainability issues. By addressing both sustainability and resilience simultaneously. Efficiencies generated by this synthesis the approach are very valuable given the nature and scale of climate change and sustainable development challenges and the limited resources available to address thislso enables more efficient and focused implementation and will be of interest to professionals, communities and governments needing to embark on infrastructure development programmes. 

7. Acknowledgements

This paper draws on a paper by Gibberd which develops the concept of resilient sustainability and applies it through the RESUME framework to assess neighbourhoods^[20].