Ever since self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were adopted as hole-transporting layers (HTL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), numerous SAMs for HTL have been synthesized and reported. SAMs offer several unique advantages including relatively simple synthesis, straightforward molecular engineering, effective surface modification using small amounts of molecules, and suitability for large-area device fabrication.
HTM | Device Structure | VOC [V] |
JSC [mA/cm−2] |
FF [%] |
PCE [%] |
Device Stability a |
Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V1036 |
HTM | Device Structure | VOC [V] |
JSC [mA/cm−2] |
FF [%] |
PCE [%] |
Device Stability a |
Refs. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ITO/V1036/C4/Cs | 0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3/C60/BCP/Cu | 1.09 | ||||||||
MC-43 | ITO/MC-43/Cs0.05(MA | 21.9 | 0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.83Br | 81.0 | 0.17)3/PCBM/Ag | 1.07 | 20.317.8 | 80.0~94%, 180 d, RT b,f | 17.3[60] | 90%, 20 d b[54] |
[ | 74 | ] | [ | 67 | ] | |||||
3 | ||||||||||
0.990 | ||||||||||
22.20 | ||||||||||
82.6 | ||||||||||
18.15 | ||||||||||
≈100%,100 h | ||||||||||
c,f | ||||||||||
[ | ||||||||||
80 | ] | [ | 72 | ] |
HTM | Device Structure | VOC [V] |
JSC [mA/cm−2] |
FF [%] |
PCE [%] |
Device Stability a |
Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MPA-BT-CA | ITO/MPA-BT-CA/(FA0.17MA0.94PbI3.11)0.95(PbCl2)0.05/C | ||||||
0.574 | |||||||
21.05 | |||||||
68.8 | |||||||
8.3 | |||||||
≈90%,1600 h | |||||||
b,f | |||||||
HTM | Device Structure | VOC [V] |
JSC [mA/cm−2] |
FF [%] |
PCE [%] |
Device Stability a |
Refs. | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TPT-S6 | ITO/TPT-S6/Cs0.05MA0.12FA0.83Pb(I0.85Br0.15)360/BCP/Ag | 1.13 | /C6022.25 | /BCP/Ag | 0.943 | 21.1584.8 | 21.24 | 98%, 14 d, RT | 73.33e,g | 16.16 | 50.5~%, 80 d d,g[82][74] | ||||||
[ | 66 | ] | [ | 60 | ] | MeO-2PACz | ITO/MeO–2PACz/Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3/C60/BCP/Cu | 1.144 | 22.2 | 79.3 | 19.2 | >97%, 11 h, ~40 °C c,f | [61 | ||||
EA-41 | ITO/EA-41/MAPbI3 | MPA-BT-CA/PCBM/Ca/Ag | ] | [ | 55 | ] | |||||||||||
1.019 | ITO/MPA-BT-CA/(FA0.17MA0.94PbI3.11) | ||||||||||||||||
PQx | 0.95(PbCl2) | ITO/PQx/FASnI30.05 /C60/BCP/Cu | /C601.10 | 22.73 | 82.3 | /BCP/Ag20.70 | 67%, 120 h, RT d,g2PACz | ITO/2PACz/C4/Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3/C60/BCP/Cu | 1.188 | 21.9 | 80.2 | 20.9 | ~97%, 11 h, ~40 °C c,f | ||||
17.33 | 69.86 | 11.89 | - | [ | [ | 84 | 0.455 | 19.97 | 71] | 66.6 | [65] | ][75] | |||||
6.1 | ≈60%, 1600 h | b,f | [ | 86 | ] | [ | 77] | FMPA-BT-CA | ITO/FMPA-BT-CA/(FA0.17MA0.94PbI | ||||||||
TQx | 3.11)0.95(PbCl | ITO/TQx/FASnI32)0.05/C60/BCP/Cu | 1.15 | /C60/BCP/Ag | Me-4PACz | ITO/Me-4PACz/Cs0.05(FA0.77MA0.23)0.95Pb(I0.77Br0.23)3/C60/SnO2/Ag | 1.15 | ||||||||||
EA-46 | ITO/EA-46/MAPbI3/PCBM/Ca/Ag | 1.006 | 15.70 | 62.18 | 10.24 | - | 20.3 | 84 | 20.0 | 95.5%, 300 h, RT c,d,g | [62][56] | ||||||
Br-2EPT | ITO/Br–2EPT/Cs | CbzPh | ITO/CbzPh/Cs0.05MA0.15 | ||||||||||||||
0.546 | 23.33 | 83.3 | 22.37 | ≈80%, 120 h, RT | d,g | ||||||||||||
21.30 | 69.0 | 8.0 | ≈90%, 1600 h | b,f | EA-49 | ITO/EA-49/MAPbI3/PCBM/Ca/Ag | 1.024 | 17.95 | 2FMPA-BT-CA | ITO/2FMPA-BT-CA/(FA0.17MA0.94PbI3.11)0.95(PbCl2)0.05/C60/BCP/Cu | 1.14 | 22.81 | 83.1 | 21.68 | >74%, 120 h, RT d,g | ||
MTPA-BA | ITO/MTPA-BA/Cs | 68.15 | 12.03 | - | 0.05(FA0.95MA0.05)0.95Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3/PCBM/C60/BCP/Ag | 1.14 | 23.24 | 85.2 | 22.62 | 90%, 20 h 40 °C c,e,g | [88][78]0.05(FA0.92MA0.08)0.95Pb(I0.92Br0.08)3/C60/BCP/Cu | 1.09 | 25.11 | 82.0 | 22.44 | ||
EA-50 | ITO/EA-50/MAPbI3 | Cz-CA/PCBM/Ca/Ag | 107.4%, 100 h, RT | ITO/Cz-CA/Cs0.05(FA0.92MA0.08)0.95Pb(I0.92Br0.08)31.035 | c,e,g | [ | 63][57] | ||||||||||
16.91 | 56.30 | 9.09 | /PCBM/C60/Ag | ~1.06 | ~23.2 | ~83.0 | ~20.0- | - | [85][76] | BCBBr-C4PA | ITO/BCBBr-C4PA/FA0.8Cs0.2Pb(I0.6Br | ||||||
Cz-Ph-CA | 0.4) | ITO/MPA-Ph-CA/Cs0.05(FA0.92MA0.083/C60/ALD-SnO2/Cu | )0.95Pb(I0.92Br0.08)3/PCBM/C601.286 | 17.54 | 82.61 | 18.63 | >90%, 250 h | ||||||||||
EA-56 | ITO/EA-56/MAPbI3/PCBM/Ca/Ag | 1.023 | 15.70 | /Ag56.56 | c,f | ~1.11 | ~23.0 | ~83.0 | ~20.2 | -[64][58] | 8.71 | - | FA0.80PbI3/C60/BCP/Ag | 1.17 | |||
TPA-CA | ITO/TPA-CA/Cs0.05(FA0.92MA0.08) | 23.43 | 73.06 | 19.2 | |||||||||||||
TPA-PT-C6 | ITO/co-assembled TPA-PT-C-6/MAPbI3/PCBM/BCP/Ag0.95Pb(I0.92Br | 91%, 120 h | 0.08)31.04 | c,f | [ | 65 | ][59] | ||||||||||
21.8 | 77.4 | 17.19 | /PCBM/C60/Ag | ~1.06 | ~22.4 | ~81.0 | ~17.589%, 120 d c,e,g | [75] | -[68] | CbzNaph | ITO/CbzNaph/Cs0.05MA0.15FA0.80PbI3/C60/BCP/Ag | 1.17 | 24.69 | 83.39 | 24.1 | ||
EADR03 | ITO/EADR03/Cs0.05FA0.79MA0.16 | 97%, 120 h | c,f | ||||||||||||||
Pb(I | 0.84Br0.16)3 /LiF/C60/BCP/NaF/Cu | 1.156 | 22.9 | 80.0 | 21.2 | ~95%, 250 h, RT c,f | |||||||||||
TPA-Ph-CA | ITO/TPA-Ph-CA/Cs0.05(FA0.92MA0.08)0.95Pb(I0.92Br0.08)3/PCBM/C60/Ag | [ | 76 | ] | [ | ~1.12 | 69] | ~23.0 | ~82.5 | ~20.0 | -- | 4PACz | ITO/4PACz/Cs0.05 | ||||
EADR04 | MA0.15FA0.80PbI3/C60/BCP/Ag | 1.07 | 23.20 | 58.43 | TO/EADR04/Cs0.05FA14.5 | 0.79MA0.16Pb(I0.84Br0.16)88%, 120 h c,f | |||||||||||
3 | / LiF/C60/BCP/NaF/Cu | 1.164 | |||||||||||||||
MPA-CA | ITO/MPA-CA/Cs0.05(FA0.92MA0.08)0.95Pb(I0.92Br0.08 | 77 | ] | [ | 70 | ] | |||||||||||
) | 3 /PCBM/C60/Ag | ~1.10 | 22.6 | ~23.580.0 | ~81.021.0 | ~20.5~91%, 250 h, RT c,f | - | TPT-P6 | ITO/TPT-P6/Cs | ||||||||
MPA-Ph-CA | 0.05MA0.12FA | ITO/MPA-Ph-CA/Cs0.05(FA0.920.83Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3/C60/BCP/Ag | 1.125 | ||||||||||||||
RC-24 | ITO/RC-24/CsFAMA/C60/BCP/Cu | MA0.08)0.95Pb(I0.92Br0.08)3/PCBM/C60/Ag1.12 | 23.20 | 80.38 | 20.77 | 22.3 | 79>90%, 200 h c,d,g | 19.8[66 | ~97%, 120 s][60] | ||||||||
1.139 | 23.55 | [ | 84.02 | 22.53 | 95%, 800 h, 45 °C | c,f | MPA-CPA | ITO/MPA-CPA/Cs0.05(FA0.95MA0.05)0.95Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3/C60/BCP/Ag | 1.20 | 24.8 | 84.5 | RC-2525.16 | ITO/RC-25/CsFAMA/C60/BCP/Cu | 1.12>90%, 2000 h, ~45 °C c,d,g | 22.1 | 79 | 19.6[67][61] |
~96%, 120 s | 3PATAT-C3 | ITO/3PATAT-C3/Cs0.05FA | |||||||||||||||
PQxD | ITO/PQxD/FASnI3/C60/BCP/Ag | 0.542 | 19.28 | 68.1 | 7.1 | ≈90%,1600 h b,f | [86][77] | 0.80MA0.15PbI2.75Br0.25/EDAI2/C60/BCP/Ag | RC-.34 | ITO/RC-34/CsFAMA/C60/BCP/Cu | 1.11 | 22.5 | 79 | 19.7 | ~95%, 120 s | ||
TQxD | ITO/TQxD/FASnI3/C60/BCP/Ag | 1.13 | 24.5 | 83 | 23.0 | ~100%, 2000 h, RT b,f | [68][62] | ||||||||||
2PATAT-C3 | ITO/2PATAT-C3/Cs0.05FA0.80MA0.15PbI2.75Br0.25/EDAI2/C60/BCP/Ag | 1.14 | 23.3 | TPT-C6 | ITO/TPT-C6/Cs0.05MA0.12FA0.83Pb(I0.8583 | 22.2 | - | ||||||||||
Br | 0.15)3/ C60/BCP/Ag | 1.042 | 23.14 | 74.16 | 18.87 | [66][60] | 1PATAT-C3 | ITO/1PATAT-C3/Cs0.05FA0.80MA0.15PbI2.75Br0.25/EDAI2/C60/BCP/Ag | 1.06 | 24.0 | 82 | 21.1 | - | ||||
3PATAT-C4 | ITO/3PATAT-C4/Cs0.05FA0.80MA0.15PbI2.75Br0.25/EDAI2/C60/BCP/Ag | 1.14 | 23.3 | 83 | 22.1 | - |
AC-1 | |||||||
ITO/AC-1/CsFAMAPb/PCBM/BCP/Ag | |||||||
1.084 | |||||||
18.83 | |||||||
80.49 | |||||||
16.43 | |||||||
85%, 30 d, | RT | b,d,g | [ | 79 | ] | [71] | |
AC-3 | ITO/AC-3/CsFAMAPb/PCBM/BCP/Ag | 1.108 | 24.27 | 82.56 | 22.20 | 90%, 30 d, RT b,d,g |
|
AC-5 | ITO/AC-5/CsFAMAPb/PCBM/BCP/Ag | 1.130 | 24.42 | 84.05 | 23.19 | 91%, 30 d, RT b,d,g |
|
Spiro-Acid | ITO/Spiro-Acid/Cs0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15) |