Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) are a diverse group of microorganisms that can enhance plant growth and nutrition, improve plant tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal pollution, and reduce the growth of certain pathogens.
EPS Microbial Source | Plant | Impacts | |
---|---|---|---|
Serratia marcescens (RRN II 2) Pseudomonas sp. (RRC I 5) |
Triticum aestivum | (+) Synthesis of different hydrolytic enzymes. (+) Zinc and phosphate solubilization. |
[30] |
Bacillus velezensis strain D3 | Zea mays | (+) Phosphate solubilization. | |
sp. MN-54 | |||
Enterobacter | |||
sp. FD-17 | |||
Pseudomonas fluorescens | |||
Zea mays | |||
(+) CAT, SOD, GPX. | [ | 69 | ] |
Microorganism | Antagonistic Microorganism | Plant | Ref. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacillus spp. KFP-5, KFP-7, KFP-17 | Pyricularia oryzae | Oryza sativa | [70] | ||||
Pennisetum glaucum | (+) Siderophores production. | (−) MDA. | |||||
Pichia membranaefaciens Cryptococcus laurentii Candida guilliermondii | (+) Proline, APX, SOD. | [60] | |||||
Rhodotorula glutinis |
Monilinia fructicola | (+) Root colonization. |
[31] | ||||
Prunus persica | [ | 71 | ] | Bacillus subtilis Azospirillum brasilense |
Triticum aestivum | (+) Phytohormones (IAA, GA, and ABA.). (+) Germination. (+) Leaf area and root/shoot length. (+) Chlorophyll, osmotic potential, and water potential. (+) SOD, CAT, and POD. |
[32] |
Pseudomonas fluorescens Enterobacter hormaechei Pseudomonas migulae |
Foxtail millet | (+) Germination (↑) Soil structure (↑) Colonization |
[33] | ||||
Pseudomonas strain GAP-P45 | Helianthus annuus L. | (↑) Soil structure. (↑) Colonization. (+) Plant biomass. |
[34] | ||||
Kosakonia cowanii GG1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | (−) Soil water loss. | [35] | ||||
(↑) Soil structure. | |||||||
(↑) Colonization. | [ | 39] |
Microorganism | Antagonistic Microorganism | Host Plant | Ref. | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Burkholderia gladioli IN26 | Colletotrichum orbiculare | Cucumis sativus | [40] | ||||||
Pseudomonas aeruginosa pf 23 | Macrophomina phaseolina | Helianthus annuus | [41] | ||||||
Rhodopseudomonas palustris KTSSR54 | Bipolaris oryzae NPT0508 Curvularia lunata SPB0627 |
Pseudomonas spp. | Magnaporthe oryzae PTRC63 | Oryza sativa | [42] | ||||
Zea mays | (−) APX, CAT, GPX. | (+) Proline content. |
[ | ||||||
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR-9 | 61 | ] | |||||||
Ralstonia solanacearum | Solanum lycopersicum | [ | 72] | Bradyrhizobium sp. IC-4059 | Enterobacter cloacaeFusarium udum | Cajanus cajan | Zea mays | (+) Proline content. (+) POD, SOD, CAT. |
|
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum | [ | [ | Rhizoctonia solani43]62] | ||||||
Brassica pekinensis | [ | 73 | ] | Bacillus safensis Ochrobactrum pseudogregnonense |
Triticum aestivum | (+) Carotenoids. | |||
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bacillus pumilus. | (+) Ascorbate peroxidase. | (+) CAT, SOD |
[63] | ||||||
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | Allium sativum | [ | 71] | Herbaspirillum seropedicae | Saccharum officinarum | (+) CAT, SOD, APX. | |||
Pseudomonas fluorescens PDS1 Bacillus subtilis KA9 | [ | 64 | ] | ||||||
Ralstonia solanacearum | Capsicum frutescens | [ | 74] | Proteus penneri (Pp1) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa2) |
Pseudomonas fluorescence P2Alcaligenes faecalis (Af3) | P. jesseniiZea mays |
R62 P. synxantha R81 Bacillus cereus BSB 38 (14B) | (+) Biomass (Leaf area and root/shoot length). (+) Osmotic and water potential. (↑) Antioxidants. |
[36] |
Planomicrobium chinense Bacillus cereus Pseudomonas fluorescens. |
Triticum aestivum | (+) Biomass (Leaf area and root/shoot length). (↑) Soil structure (−) Soil water loss. |
[37] | ||||||
Acinetobacter sp. Pseudomonas sp. |
Capsicum Sp. | (+) Biomass (Leaf area and root/shoot length). (↑) Photosynthetic activity. |
[38] | ||||||
Rhizobium phaseoli (MR-2) Rhizobium leguminosarum (LR-30) Mesorhizobium ciceri (CR-30 and CR-39) |
Triticum aestivum | (+) Phytohormones (IAA). (+) Biomass (Leaf area and root/shoot length). |
Microorganism | Plants | Mode of Action | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Pseudomonas sp. Pantoea sp. |
Hordeum vulgare | (−) CAT, SOD. (+) APX, GPX. |
[59] |
Baccillus amyloliquefaciens MMR04 | |||
Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus | |||
strain (YB3 and YB5) | |||
Oryza sativa | |||
L. | (+) Proline content. | (+) Ascorbate peroxidase. (+) CAT. (−) Hydrogen peroxide and MDA. |
[65] |
Providencia sp. (TCR05) Providencia sp. (TCR20) |
Zea mays | (−) Lipid peroxidation and SOD. (−) Internal CO2 concentration. (−) Non-photochemical quenching. (↑) Photosynthetic activity. (↑) Phenolics and Relative water content. |
[66] |
Bacillus pumilus (G5) + Silicon | Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch | (+) AsA, GSH, SOD, CAT, APX, GPX, GR. (+) GPX, AO, GST gene expression. |
[67] |
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 5113 Azospirillum brasilense NO40 |
Triticum aestivum | (−) APX, DHAR, MDHAR, GR enzymes activities. | [68] |
Bacillus |
Microorganism | Plants | Microorganism | PlantsMode of Action | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mode of action | Ref. | |||
Bacillus sp. (12D6) Enterobacter sp. (16i) |
Triticum aestivum Zea mays |
|||
Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense RJ12 Pseudomonas | (+) Salicylic acid (SA). | (+) Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). |
[129] | |
Rhizobium japonicum Azotobacter chroococcum Azospirillum brasilense |
||||
Ceratocystis fimbriata | (+) Polysaccharide. | |||
Azospirillum | ||||
sp. | ||||
Glycine max | ||||
(+) Auxins, IAA, gibberellins, cytokinins | [ | 137 | ] |
Microorganism | Antagonistic Organism | Plant | Ref. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacillus subtilis HC8 | sp. RJ15Aspergillus niger Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici Fusarium solani Pythium ultimum. |
Heracleum sp. (hogweed) | Bacillus subtilis RJ46 |
Vigna mungo L. Pisum sativum L.[138] |
(+) Relative water content (RWC). (+) Proline content. (+) Phenolic accumulation. |
[126] | |
Glycine max | (+) Cytokinin, gibberellin, auxin. | (−) Abscisic acid. |
[[139] | ||||
Azospirillum brasilense Herbaspirillum seropedicae. | 130 | ] | |||||
Achromobacter xylosoxidans | |||||||
Bacillus velezensis RC116 | Ralstonia solanacearum Fusarium oxysporum |
Zea mays | (−) Proline and ethylene. (−) MDA. (+) RWC. |
Bacillus pumilus | Helianthus annuus L. | (+) Antibiotic substances (SA and JA) | [131] |
f. sp. | lycopersici | Solanum lycopersicum | [151] | Bacillus velezensis D | Ralstonia solanacearum | Nicotiana tabacum | [140] |
(+) Antioxidants. | (+) Flavonoids. | (−) Pathogens mycelial growth. (−) Pathogens spore germination. |
[199] | Bacillus velezensis FJAT-46737 | Ralstonia solanacearum Escherichia coli | ||
Klebsiella variicola F2 (KJ465989) Raoultella planticola YL2 (KJ465991) Pseudomonas fluorescens YX2 (KJ465990) |
Zea mays | (+) Choline. (+) Glycine betaine (GB). |
[152] | Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacillus megaterium. |
Cajanus cajan | (+) Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). (+) Gibberellic acid. |
[132] |
L. | Fusarium oxysporum | Solanum lycopersicum L. | [141] | ||||
Bacillus altitudinis FD48 | Oryza sativa | (+) Choline. (+) Glycine betaine (GB). (+) Non-ribosomal peptide synthase clusters (bacilysin, fengycin, and bacitracin) |
[153] | Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens | Solanum lycopersicum | Bacillus subtilis RB14 | Rhizoctonia solani K1 |
Bacillus megaterium PB50 B. endophyticus PB3 B. altitudinis PB46 B. australimaris PB17 | (+) Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). | (+) Abscisic acid (ABA). |
Solanum lycopersicum[133] | ||||
L. | Oryza sativa | (+) Proline content. (+) GB production. | [142] | ||||
[ | 154 | ] | Bacillus subtilis (LDR2) Arthrobacter protophormiae (SA3) |
Triticum aestivum | (+) Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). (+) Abscisic acid (ABA). (+) 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC). (↑) Transcription factors DREB2 and CTR1. |
[127] | |
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Q-426 | Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Spinaciae | ||||||
Bacillus thuringiensis | Arabidopsis thaliana | AZP2 | [143] | ||||
Triticum aestivum | (+) Benzaldehyde, β-pinene, geranyl acetone. | [ | 155] | Pseudomonas fluorescens DPB15 P. palleroniana DPB16 |
Bacillus isolate BDUA1 Pseudomonas isolates BBDUA2 and BDUA3Triticum aestivum |
(+) Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). (−) H2O2 and MDA. |
[134] |
Ralstonia solanacearum | Solanum lycopersicum | L. | [144] | Variovorax paradoxus Ochrobactrum anthropic Pseudomonas palleroniana Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas palleroniana |
Eleusine coracana (L.) Nelumbo nucifera | ||
Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 | Oryza sativa | (+) Proline content. (+) Glycine betaine (GB). (−) MDA. |
[156] | Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS374r(+) Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). (+) 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC). (+) Nitrogen fixation. (+) Phosphate solublization. |
Magnaporthe oryzae[135] | ||
Oryza sativa | [ | 145 | ] | Achromobacter xylosoxidans (SF2) Bacillus pumilus (SF3 and SF4) |
Helianthus annuus L. | ||
Pseudomonas fluorescens | (+) RWC, IAA, SA, ABA, JA. | Fusarium culmorum | [118] | ||||
Hordeum vulgare | [ | 146 | ] | Microbacterium oxydans | Solanum lycopersicum | (+) IAA, GA, ABA, JA. (+) Phosphate solublization. |
|
Pseudomonas simiae WCS417r | [ | Mamestra brassicae | 136 | Arabidopsis thaliana] | [147] |
Microorganism | Host Plant | Produced VOCs | Impact | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pseudomonas fluorescens UM16, UM240, UM256 | Medicago truncatula | Dimethyl disulfide. | (+) Chlorophyll content. (+) Plant biomass. |
[181] |
Pseudomonas fluorescens UM270 | Medicago truncatula | Dimethylhexadecylamine. Dimethyl disulfide. |
(+) Chlorophyll content. (+) Plant biomass. |
[181] |
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (UQ154) B. velezensis (UQ156) Acinetobacter sp. (UQ202) |
Capsicum annuum | 2-heptanone 3-methylbutanol Benzyl alcohol Dodecyl aldehyde Isoamyl propionate Isovaleraldehyde Isovaleric acid |
(+) Lateral roots growth. (+) Plant biomass. |
[182] |
Pseudomonas spp. | Vigna radiata | Dodecane Heptacosane Hexacosane Nonadecane Pentadecane Tetradecane Tetratetracontane. Undecane |
(+) Plant biomass. | [183] |
Pseudomonas putida (ATCC12633) | Brassicae napus | 2-Butynedioic acid | ||
Phoma | ||||
sp. GS8-3 | ||||
Nicotiana benthamiana | ||||
2-Methyl-propanol | ||||
3-methyl-butanol | (+) Plant growth. | [ | 191] |
Strain | Host Plant | Produced VOCs | Pathogen | Antifungal Effect | Ref. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens T-5 | Solanum lycopersicum | 1-furan Naphthalene Aldehydes Alkanes Benzenes Ketones |
Ralstonia solanacearum | (↑) Colonization. (+) Antioxidants. (+) Exopolysaccharide. (+) Biofilm formation. (−) Pathogens motility. |
[197] | |||||
Bacillus velezensis CT32 | Fragaria × ananassa | 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol Benzothiazole |
Verticillium dahlia Fusarium oxysporum |
(−) Pathogens mycelial growth. | [198] | |||||
Streptomyces setonii WY228 | Ipomoea batatas | 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine Dimethyl disulfide |
||||||||
Pseudomonas chlororaphis | Ipomoea batatas | 2-methyl-1-butanol 3-methyl-1-butanol, phenylethyl alcohol |
Ceratocystis fimbriata | (+) Pathogens mitochondrial dysfunction. | [200] | |||||
Dimethyl ester | 4,7-dimethylnaphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Hexadecanoic acid N-[3-Methylaminopropyl]aziridine, Cyclododecane |
|||||||||
Staphylococcus pasteuri | - | γ-patchoulene 3-methoxy-2-cyclopentenone | (+) PAL, H2O2, Pro, POD, CAT. | Tuber borchii[184] | ||||||
(−) Pathogens vegetative growth. | [ | 201 | ] | Trichoderma viride | Arabidopsis thaliana | 3-methylbutanal Isobutyl alcohol Isopentyl alcohol |
(+) Chlorophyll content. (+) Plant biomass. (+) Lateral roots growth. (+) Early flowering. |
[ | ||
Trichoderma koningiopsis T2 | Cotton and tobacco | 2-hexyl-furan. 3-octanone, 3-methyl-1-butanol, butanoic acid ethyl ester | 185 | ] | ||||||
Verticillium dahliae | (−) Pathogens mycelial growth. | [ | 202 | ] | Cladosporium cladosporioides CL-1 | Nicotiana tabacum | ||||
Bacillus velezensis CE 100 | - | α-pinene, (−)-trans-caryophyllene Dehydroaromadendrene (+)-sativene Tetrahydro-2,2,5,5-tetramethylfuran |
(+) Roots growth. (+) Plant biomass. |
[186] | ||||||
3-methylbutanoic acid | 5-nonylamine | Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | (−) Pathogens mycelial growth. (−) Pathogens spore germination. |
[203] | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Ba13 | Solanum lycopersicum | 2,3-butanediol Acetoin |
|||
Trichoderma viride BHU-V2 | Abelmoschus esculentus | Benzestrol | (+) Plant biomass. | Tetradecanoic acid | Sclerotium rolfsii[187] | |||||
(+) Pathogen cell wall degrading enzymes. | [ | 204 | ] | Bacillus spp. (GB03 and IN937a) | Arabidopsis thaliana | 2,3-butanediol | (+) Leaf surface area | |||
Bacillus sp. BO53 | - | 5-acetyl-2-methylpyridine, 2-butanone, and 2-nonanone | Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | [165] | ||||||
(−) Pathogens growth. | [ | 205 | ] | Trichoderma spp. | Arabidopsis thaliana | 3-methylbutanal, octanal, nonanal, and decanal | (+) Chlorophyll content. (+) Plant biomass. |
[188] | ||
Pseudoalteromonas sp. GA327 | - | 1-pentanol, 2-butanone, and butyl formate | Acinetobacter baumanni Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
(−) Pathogens growth. | [205] | Cladosporium halotolerans NGPF1 | Nicotiana benthamiana | 2-methyl-butanal 3-methyl-butanal |
(+) Roots growth. (+) Plant biomass. |
[189 |
Streptomyces sp. B86 | Beta vulgaris | 2-hexyl-1-decanol 2-methyl-undecane. | ] | |||||||
Bacillus pumilus | Isf19 | (−) Chemotaxis behavior. | (−) Pathogens motility. | [206] | Talaromyces wortmannii FS2 | Brasica campestris L. var. perviridis | β-caryophyllene | (+) Plant growth. | ||
Pantoea sp. Dez632 | Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris | 1-ethyl-3- methyl- Benzene P-xylene S-methyl methanethiosulfonate. | [ | 190] | ||||||
Bacillus pumilus | Isf19 | (+) Resistance gene expression to soft rot. | [ | 206 | ] | |||||
Pseudomonas sp. Bt851 | Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris | phenol, 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)- synonym 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol | Bacillus pumilus Isf19 | (−) Chemotaxis behavior. (−) Pathogens cell adhesion. |
[206] | |||||
Stenotrophomonas sp. Sh622 | Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris | Dodecane, 2,3,10-trimethyl. Dodecane, 2,6,11-trimethyl |
Bacillus pumilus Isf19 | [206] | ||||||
Bacillus strain D13 | - | 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol Decyl alcohol |
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) | (−) Pathogens motility. (−) Pathogens colony diameter. |
[207] | |||||
B. subtilis B. amyloliquefaciens |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) Acetoin |
Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora | (+) ISR pathway. | [208] |