Many giant porphyry Cu-Au, Cu-Mo, and Mo-W deposits extend from the Pacific Rim to the Mediterranean and Carpathian system in Europe, the Himalayas, China, and Malaysia. However, only certain porphyry Cu-Au deposits, associated mostly with alkaline-type intrusions, are characterized by significant Pd and Pt contents, particularly in high-grade bornite–chalcopyrite and/or flotation concentrates. Such porphyry deposits include those in British Columbia, Colorado, in the Santo Tomas II deposit, the Philippines, the Skouries porphyry deposit, Greece, Elatsite, Bulgaria, the Kalmakyr deposit, Uzbekistan, the Grasberg deposit, Indonesia, Ok Tedi, Papua New Guinea, the Mamut deposit, Malaysia, and the Bajo de la Alumbrera, Argentina.
Deposit |
Setting |
Age |
Affinity |
Skouries Drill Hole |
Location of Drill Hole |
Alteration |
Detection Mineralization |
Mineralogy |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Skouries |
Elatsite |
Elatsite |
Medet |
Medet |
Medet |
|||||||
Drill-hole |
SOP-76 |
SOP-76 |
SOP-76 |
SOP-76 |
SOP-46 |
SG-6 |
SG-6 |
n = 4 |
n = 4 |
|||
Mineral |
pyrite |
pyrite |
pyrite |
pyrite |
pyrite |
pyrite |
pyrite |
linnaeite |
siegenite |
Pyrite |
Pyrite |
Carrolite |
wt.% |
||||||||||||
Fe |
45.6 |
45.6 |
46.5 |
42.6 |
45.6 |
46.2 |
43.4 |
1.4 |
3.4 |
38.2 |
33.8 |
1.8 |
Standard | ||||||||||||
Limit |
OREAS684 |
Vathi |
||||||||||
Cu | ||||||||||||
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
0.4 |
n.d. |
16.3 |
3.3 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
15.9 |
|
Ni |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
4.2 |
1.9 |
0.7 |
n.d. |
7.4 |
34.7 |
5.3 |
0.4 |
3.2 |
Co |
0.6 |
0.6 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
0.5 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
34.4 |
17.3 |
2.2 |
12.4 |
37.6 |
As |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
0.9 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
Au |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
4.8 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
S |
52.6 |
52.6 |
53.3 |
52.2 |
52.5 |
51.9 |
50.7 |
41.3 |
41.5 |
53.9 |
53.2 |
41.6 |
Total |
99.7 |
99.7 |
100.9 |
99 |
100.5 |
99.2 |
99.8 |
100.8 |
100.2 |
99.7 |
99.9 |
100.1 |
Drill-hole |
SK8 |
SOP18 |
SOP18 |
SG-6 |
SOP76 |
SOP18 |
SOP43 |
SOP18 |
SOP18 |
SK8 |
SK8 |
SK8 |
Core |
Rim |
Cl-(OH) |
Cl-(OH) |
Ti- |
Cr-bearing |
|||||||
Mineral |
Zircon |
Zircon |
Zircon |
Apatite |
Apatite |
Rutile |
Thorite |
U-thorite |
U-thorite |
Magnetite |
Magnetite |
|
SiO2 |
32.6 |
31.3 |
31.7 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
0.4 |
18.8 |
15.6 |
15.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.7 |
Al2O3 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
0.3 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
Cr2O3 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
0.7 |
0.8 |
TiO2 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
95.5 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
19.8 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
FeO |
0.6 |
0.4 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
0.6 |
2.2 |
n.d. |
0.6 |
4.3 |
49.4 |
31.0 |
30.9 |
Fe2O3 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
30.8 |
68.2 |
67.6 |
MgO |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
MnO |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
CaO |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
55.0 |
52.7 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
P2O5 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
43.9 |
42.5 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
SO3 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
0.4 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
ZrO2 |
67.2 |
65.4 |
68.3 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
67.2 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
ThO2 |
n.d. |
3.2 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
79.5 |
70.68 |
50.8 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
HfO2 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
UO3 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
11.9 |
29.2 |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
Total |
100.4 |
100.3 |
100.0 |
98.9 |
96.2 |
98.4 |
98.3 |
98.78 |
99.5 |
100.2 |
100.2 |
100 |
Skouries |
||||||||||||
ID |
Porphyry-Cu |
ccp-mgt±bn |
||||||||||
sample |
SOP43/200 | SOP6/363 |
Skou8/280 SOP06 |
Central part |
Potassic |
minor: native Au-mrk-hes-syl-zrn |
qz-or-ab-an-bt-phl-ap |
|||||
SG6 |
||||||||||||
ppm |
||||||||||||
As | <5 SOP18 |
ccp-mgt±bn |
||||||||||
<5 | <5 |
5 |
<5 |
52 |
Col | |||||||
Bi |
10 18 Ma |
Monzonite |
5.2 |
5.4 SOP1 |
0.1 Proximal to center |
0.4 Potassic |
minor: native Au-me-zrn-thr |
qz-or-ab-an-bt-phl-ap |
||||
Cr |
syenite |
1060 SOP09 |
560 |
280 |
0.01 |
|||||||
SK8 |
||||||||||||
SOP39 |
Peripheral part |
Potassic and clay |
ccp-py-mol-mgt |
qz-or-ab-bt-phl-ap-cal |
||||||||
SOP43 |
||||||||||||
SOP46 |
Marginal part |
Potassic and clay |
ccp-py-cc-mol-mgt |
qz-ab-ms-ser-cal |
||||||||
SOP76 |
ccp-py-sp-gn |
|||||||||||
Vathi, Gerakario, |
||||||||||||
Pontokerasia |
Col |
18 Ma |
Quartz monzonite |
Surface samples |
Potassic |
py-ccp-mol-mgt |
||||||
syenite |
Propylic |
py-ccp-mol-cc-apy |
qz-or-ab-an-bt-ser-cal |
|||||||||
Sericitic |
py-ccp-cc-sp-gn |
Country |
Greece |
Bulgaria * |
||||||||||
Deposit |
13,000 | ||||||
240 | ||||||
Mn |
560 |
430 |
360 |
0.01 |
1250 |
650 |
Ni |
640 |
76 |
310 |
5 |
2250 |
300 |
Co |
69 |
50 |
66 |
0.05 |
119 |
10 |
Cu |
4850 |
1210 |
1310 |
0.1 |
960 |
28 |
Zn |
61 |
37 |
68 |
5 |
95 |
70 |
V |
670 |
920 |
690 |
1 |
165 |
3000 |
Ga |
41 |
40 |
59 |
1 |
75 |
|
Ba |
60 |
70 |
100 |
10 |
70 |
|
La |
1.2 |
14 |
2.5 |
2 |
3.4 |
|
Ce |
2.1 |
28 |
4.7 |
0.1 |
6.6 |
|
Pr |
0.2 |
2.8 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
0.74 |
|
Nd |
0.9 |
9.8 |
1.8 |
0.05 |
2.9 |
|
Sm |
0.1 |
1.6 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
|
Eu |
0.07 |
0.26 |
0.08 |
0.05 |
0.21 |
|
Gd |
0.16 |
1.2 |
0.3 |
1 |
0.71 |
|
Tb |
<0.05 |
0.16 |
<0.05 |
0.5 |
0.12 |
|
Dy |
0.15 |
0.9 |
0.21 |
0.05 |
0.71 |
|
Ho |
<0.05 |
0.2 |
<0.05 |
0.05 |
0.16 |
|
Er |
0.15 |
0.7 |
0.18 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
|
Tm |
<0.05 |
0.1 |
<0.05 |
0.05 |
0.08 |
|
Yb |
0.2 |
1.1 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
|
Lu |
<0.05 |
0.25 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.09 |
|
ΣREE |
4.03 |
46.82 |
8.37 |
|||
Ce/Ce* |
0.95 |
0.98 |
0.96 |
|||
Eu/Eu* |
1.68 |
0.55 |
0.61 |
|||
Tm/Tm* |
0.19 |
0.79 |
0.47 |
|||
Sc |
8 |
8 |
9 |
5 |
19 |
|
Y |
1.3 |
6.3 |
1.6 |
0.5 |
4.3 |
|
Hf |
3 |
18 |
4 |
1 |
<1 |
|
Cs |
0.7 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
|
In |
<0.2 |
<0.2 |
<0.2 |
0.2 |
<0.2 |
|
Nb |
1 |
7 |
1 |
1 |
<1 |
|
Pb |
23 |
16 |
35 |
0.2 |
13 |
|
Rb |
24 |
11 |
12 |
0.1 |
6.5 |
|
Sb |
<0.1 |
<0.1 |
<0.1 |
0.1 |
<0.1 |
|
Sn |
4 |
5 |
5 |
0.05 |
<1 |
|
Ta |
<0.5 |
0.6 |
<0.5 |
0.5 |
<0.5 |
|
Mo |
<2 |
<2 |
2 |
2 |
<2 |
|
Li |
<10 |
<10 |
<10 |
10 |
<10 |
|
Sr |
10 |
30 |
30 |
5 |
150 |
|
Th |
28 |
110 |
56 |
0.1 |
0.6 |
|
U |
5.3 |
31 |
9.3 |
0.5 |
0.2 |
|
Zr |
119 |
700 |
150 |
0.5 |
14.7 |
|
W |
74 |
39 |
52 |
0.1 |
<1 |
|
Tl |
0.5 |
<0.5 |
<0.5 |
0.5 |
<0.5 |
|
wt% |
||||||
Si |
3.7 |
2.8 |
3.4 |
0.01 |
21.1 |
|
Al |
0.58 |
0.54 |
0.6 |
0.01 |
5.75 |
|
Fe |
>25 |
>25 |
>25 |
10 |
7.99 |
|
Ti |
0.16 |
0.35 |
0.24 |
0.01 |
0.13 |
|
Ca |
<0.1 |
<0.1 |
<0.1 |
0.1 |
4.2 |
|
Mg |
0.24 |
0.07 |
<0.01 |
0.01 |
10.4 |
|
K |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.01 |
0.1 |
|
P |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
<0.01 |
0.01 |
<0.01 |