One of the most crucial skills for the social development of preschoolers is social competence. It describes the capacity to flexibly deploy behavioral, cognitive, and emotional resources to accomplish social goals in a specific situation [1]. It encompasses a range of fundamental abilities required for interpersonal and social interactions, including emotional comprehension and control, peer engagement, and adherence to social norms [2]. The development of social competence in early childhood is crucial for subsequent emotional, cognitive, and behavioral adjustment. Strong social competence helps children create and sustain strong interpersonal interactions ^[3][4][3,4].

Mothers are the major nurturers and important people in their children’s development [5], and their characteristics (such as trait mindfulness) can have a subtle influence on their children’s social competence [6]. In addition, with the rise in popularity of social media, maternal parenting styles are inevitably influenced by social media. However, due to the “fragmented” use of cell phones [7], it is challenging for mothers to exercise self-control over their frequent and automatic use of social media, even when they are with their children [7]. According to research, excessive social media use can hurt a person’s physical, mental, and interpersonal health [8]. Additionally, social displacement theory contends that maternal use of social media can replace or lessen meaningful parent–child interactions in the real world [9], which in turn affects how socially competent children become.

According to research, self-control and trait mindfulness have a very strong and beneficial relationship ^[17]. Self-control refers to a person's capacity to regulate their feelings, stifle undesirable or inappropriate behavioral inclinations in their minds, and refrain from acting following those intentions ^[18]. Effective self-control behaviors depend on the resources that are accessible, and the more adequate the resources, the better the individual's self-control performance ^[19]. If a person's self-control reserves are exhausted, this might impede socially adapted behavior and make them ineffective ^[20], such as when they have trouble controlling their emotional emotions ^[21] or act impulsively ^[22]. A maternal lack of self-control in family relationships may have an adverse effect on parent-child interactions through bad emotional and impulsive behaviors, which affect preschoolers' social competence. According to research, mindfulness can improve personal self-control by reducing the resources that are depleted by distraction ^[23]. 根据研究，自我控制和特质正念有着非常强烈和有益的关系[17]。自我控制是指一个人调节自己的情绪，扼杀他们头脑中不良或不适当的行为倾向，并避免按照这些意图行事的能力[18]。有效的自我控制行为取决于可获得的资源，资源越充足，个体的自我控制能力就越好[19]。如果一个人的自我控制储备耗尽，这可能会阻碍适应社会的行为并使其无效[20]，例如当他们难以控制自己的情绪[21]或冲动行事时[22]。母亲在家庭关系中缺乏自制力，可能会通过不良的情绪和冲动行为对亲子互动产生不利影响，从而影响学龄前儿童的社交能力。根据研究，正念可以通过减少因分心而耗尽的资源来改善个人的自我控制[23]。Rowland et al.'s intervention study from 等人在2019 also discovered that even brief mindfulness exercises were successful in raising people's levels of self-control ^[24]. Based on this, this study posits that a mediating factor for maternal trait mindfulness to affect early children's social competence is self-control.年的干预研究也发现，即使是短暂的正念练习也能成功地提高人们的自我控制水平[24]。基于此，本研究认为，母性特质正念影响幼儿社交能力的中介因素是自我控制。

A growing number of women are using social media frequently and unconsciously while spending time with their children as a result of the popularity of social media. Undoubtedly, this is a worrying phenomenon. 由于社交媒体的普及，越来越多的女性在与孩子共度时光时频繁地、无意识地使用社交媒体。毫无疑问，这是一个令人担忧的现象。Li et al. (2022) found that parental screen addiction affects young children's screen addiction through both direct and indirect paths. Further research has found that women are more likely than men to engage in harmful social media habits that affect their own psychological and physical well-being, as well as their ability to interact with others ^{[25][26][27][28]}. When moms' requirements for social media use collide with their responsibilities as parents, they are more likely to experience negative feelings like anxiety and despair ^[8][29], which can affect how they interact with their children ^[30]. However, mothers with higher levels of mindfulness are acutely aware of their own emotional and behavioral issues and make timely self-adjustments to reduce impulsive reactions and avoid the negative effects of adverse parent-child interaction processes on preschoolers' social competence ^[12][31][32]. Research has shown that maternal emotional expressions can affect preschoolers' social competence, but mothers with higher levels of trait mindfulness are also more aware of their own emotional and behavioral problems. Based on the reality of social network context, the study suggests that maternal problematic social media use may serve as another mediating variable in the influence of maternal trait mindfulness on preschoolers' social competence.（2022） 发现，父母屏幕成瘾通过直接和间接途径影响幼儿的屏幕成瘾。进一步的研究发现，女性比男性更容易养成有害的社交媒体习惯，从而影响自己的身心健康以及与他人互动的能力[25,26,27,28]。当妈妈们对社交媒体使用的要求与她们作为父母的责任发生冲突时，她们更有可能经历焦虑和绝望等负面情绪[8,29]，这会影响她们与孩子的互动方式[30]。然而，正念水平较高的母亲会敏锐地意识到自己的情绪和行为问题，并及时进行自我调整，以减少冲动反应，避免不良的亲子互动过程对学龄前儿童社交能力的负面影响[12,31,32]。研究表明，母亲的情绪表达会影响学龄前儿童的社交能力，但具有较高特质正念的母亲也更了解自己的情绪和行为问题。