室内照明色彩对农村床位设计的影响

室内照明色彩对农村床位设计的影响: Comparison

Please note this is a comparison between Version 1 by Chajuan Liu and Version 3 by Catherine Yang.

In architectural spaces, the atmosphere created by lighting plays an important role in influencing people's emotions, often relying on the use of colour and light. The combination of cool white light and warm white light with coloured light significantly affected participants' arousal levels, but had relatively little effect on levels of pleasure, dominance and relaxation. When comparing the emotions experienced after exposure to cool white light and warm white light, warm white light triggered more positive emotions.在建筑空间中，照明营造的氛围在影响人们的情感方面起着重要作用，往往依赖于色彩和光线的使用。冷白光和暖白光与彩色光的结合显着影响参与者的唤醒水平，但对快乐水平、支配力和放松水平的影响相对较小。在比较暴露于冷白光和暖白光后所经历的情绪时，暖白光引发了更积极的情绪。

lighting design
cool and warm white light
visual perception
mood

1. Introduction简介

The service sector has always been an important part of the economy in all countries, accounting for 服务业一直是各国经济的重要组成部分，占中国就业人数的61 per cent of employment in China and 73 per cent of employment in the non-agricultural sector. The improvement of service offerings and service quality has become particularly important in the tourism industry in the context of a service model that is oriented towards customer value and providing differentiated benefits to consumers ^[1]. The quality of a company's environment is defined as the ability to meet customer expectations, and customer satisfaction is considered an important predictor of these behavioural trends. Factors such as physical space and environmental ambience affect consumer mood and managers must make decisions and adjustments based on consumer preferences, especially in the field of interior landscaping, where there are many key elements that can be used to change the overall ambience and quality of the indoor environment without increasing costs ^[2].%，非农业部门就业人数占73%。在以客户价值为导向、为消费者提供差异化利益的服务模式中，服务产品和服务质量的提高在旅游业中变得尤为重要[1]。公司环境的质量被定义为满足客户期望的能力，客户满意度被认为是这些行为趋势的重要预测指标。物理空间和环境氛围等因素会影响消费者的情绪，管理人员必须根据消费者的偏好做出决策和调整，特别是在室内景观领域，其中有许多关键元素可用于改变室内环境的整体氛围和质量，而不会增加成本[2]。

In this context, immersive experiences have become a new and rapidly growing global craze ^[3]. Immersive light and shadow space combines and matches light and shadow space, which can present a multi-sensory experience to the audience and bring a more novel consumption experience ^[4]. Then, in the development of rural tourism, to help people experience more new feelings, the rural landscape, rural culture and other experiences into the rural accommodation space, has also become the key to the development of rural tourism.在这种背景下，沉浸式体验式服务已成为全球快速增长的新热潮[3]。沉浸式光影空间将光影空间结合搭配，能够呈现给观众多感官体验，带来更新颖的消费体验[4]。那么，在乡村旅游的发展中，帮助人们体验更多新感受，将乡村景观、乡村文化等体验引入乡村住宿空间，也成为乡村旅游发展的关键。

2. Rural accommodation space乡村住宿空间

Villages around the world face many common rural problems, including ageing populations, rural poverty, the need for rural modernisation and industrial transformation, and insufficient infrastructure and educational and medical resources. In order to promote rural development, countries around the world have implemented a series of rural revitalisation initiatives based on their own actual conditions, and the rural tourism service industry has emerged, with B&Bs, as an indispensable part of the rural tourism industry, being welcomed by the audience. After the reform and opening up, there is a huge gap and imbalance between urban and rural areas in terms of survival and development environment. Since the introduction of the No. 1 Document of the Central Government in 世界各国的村庄面临着许多共同的农村问题，包括人口老龄化、农村贫困、农村现代化和产业转型的需要以及基础设施和教育医疗资源的不足。为推动农村发展，世界各国根据自身实际情况实施了一系列乡村振兴举措，乡村旅游服务业应运而生，民宿作为乡村旅游产业不可或缺的一部分，受到观众的欢迎。改革开放后，城乡在生存和发展环境方面存在巨大差距和不平衡。自2021, the national practice of "comprehensively promoting the revitalisation of the countryside" has come into effect; the rural revitalisation industry is in full swing ^[5].年中央一号文件出台以来，“全面推进乡村振兴”的国家实践已经生效;乡村振兴产业如火如荼[22]。 Japan was in a stage of rapid industrialisation and urbanisation in the 日本在1970s and 1980s, and the country's one-sided focus on urban industrial and commercial development led to a lag in rural development ^[6]. In order to revitalise the countryside, Japan launched a national village-building movement based on rural, self-reliance and future directions. Under the strong advocacy and support of the government, each region has cultivated a model of rural development rich in local characteristics based on its own actual situation and local conditions, which is renowned worldwide and echoes the idea of "one village, one product" ^[7]. In this process, B&B, as an important part of the sustainable development of the rural tourism industry, can greatly promote the local economic development, increase employment opportunities, and improve the living conditions of local residents年代和1980年代处于快速工业化和城市化阶段，该国片面关注城市工商业的发展导致农村发展滞后[23]。为了振兴农村，日本发起了以农村、自力更生和未来方向为基础的全国性建村运动。在政府的大力倡导和支持下，各地区根据自身实际情况和因地制宜，培育出富有地方特色的农村发展模式，享誉世界，呼应“一村一品”的观点[24]。在这个过程中，民宿作为乡村旅游产业可持续发展的重要组成部分，可以极大地促进当地经济发展，增加就业机会，改善当地居民的生活条件; therefore, the Japanese government has given many subsidies and invested in the development of rural 因此，日本政府给予了许多补贴，并投资于农村B&B, focusing on the creation of a farmhouse experience B&B, which can present the experience of local customs and local conditions ^[8].的发展，重点是创建农舍体验B&B，可以呈现当地习俗和当地条件的体验[25]。 Rural revitalisation in Germany is more like a long-term social practice, adopting a progressive governance model ^[9], where the government regulates and guides rural reforms through the adjustment of laws and regulations at the institutional level, and gradually pushes the countryside towards development and prosperity ^[10]. In Germany, the concept of sustainable development is integrated into village renewal and practice, and local old houses are renovated to ensure the comfort and safety of rural 德国的乡村振兴更像是一种长期的社会实践，采取渐进治理模式[26]，政府通过制度层面的法律法规调整来规范和引导农村改革，逐步推动农村走向发展和繁荣[27]。在德国，可持续发展的概念被融入村庄更新和实践中，并对当地的老房子进行改造，以确保乡村B&Bs and to maintain the rural environment and regional specificity ^[11]. Meanwhile的舒适和安全，并保持农村环境和区域特殊性[28]。同时，德国乡村民宿主要位于农村地区的传统建筑中，极大地保护和传承了当地的传统文化和建筑风格，其独特的特色也吸引了大量城市人口前来体验和享受[29, German countryside B&Bs are mainly located in traditional buildings in rural areas30, which greatly protects and inherits the local traditional culture and architectural style, and their unique characteristics have attracted a large number of urban populations to experience and enjoy them ^{[12][13][14][15]}.31,32]。 Switzerland enhances rural tourism with its unique and beautiful ecological environment, and the Swiss government attaches great importance to the beautification of the natural environment and the improvement of rural infrastructure, focusing on the development of rural tourism ^[16]. Swiss folk accommodation focuses on immersive and idyllic style experiences, preserving and nurturing local customs in this transformation process ^[17]. Swiss folk music, the Alps, Swiss wrestling and other endemic features attract a large number of tourists to stay for a long period of time, and the local folk lodging industry generates a huge amount of income, which drives the development of the local economy ^[18].瑞士凭借其独特而优美的生态环境增强了乡村旅游，瑞士政府非常重视自然环境的美化和乡村基础设施的改善，重点是发展乡村旅游[33]。瑞士民间住宿注重身临其境的田园诗风格体验，在这个转型过程中保留和培养了当地习俗[34]。瑞士民间音乐、阿尔卑斯山、瑞士摔跤等风土人情特色吸引了大量游客长期停留，当地民宿业产生了巨大的收入，带动了当地经济的发展[35]。

3. the significance of indoor space lighting colour research三、室内空间照明色彩研究的意义

Colour and light are two important attributes in environmental spaces that can be used in the design and transformation of interior spaces to improve human visual perception, mood and performance. When people enter an interior space they are most concerned about the colour of the lighting, choosing between cool white and warm white lights of the same colour, or for some more adventurous people, trying colourful lighting. Lighting colour may affect the mood of the occupants. Chromotherapy and colour therapy are also modalities in the field of medical treatment where colour and light can be used to correct physical ailments.颜色和光线是环境空间中的两个重要属性，可用于室内空间的设计和改造，以改善人类的视觉感知、情绪和表现。当人们进入室内空间时，他们最关心的是灯光的颜色，选择相同颜色的冷白灯和暖白灯，或者对于一些更冒险的人来说，尝试五彩照明。照明颜色可能会影响居住者的情绪。色光疗法和色彩疗法也是医学治疗领域的模式，其中颜色和光可用于纠正身体疾病。Rikard Küller and 和Seifeddin Gaafar Ballal et al. studied the psycho-emotional effects of light and colour in indoor work environments and found that the light and colour of the workplace itself affects the moods of the workers; when the lights are too dim, the workers were at their lowest point, when the lighting was just right their mood improved and reached its highest level, and when the lighting became too bright the mood dropped again ^[19]. 等人对室内工作环境中光线和颜色的心理情绪影响进行了研究，发现工作场所本身的光线和颜色会影响工人的情绪;当灯光太暗时，工人处于最低点，当灯光恰到好处时，他们的情绪改善并达到最高水平，当灯光变得太亮时，情绪再次下降[36]。Jiyoung Oh conducted a study on how changing environmental chromaticity affects heart rate variability (对变化的环境色度如何影响心率变异性（HRV) and stress, and concluded that the higher the chromaticity of the high-value conditions, the more positive was the mood of stress, and the lower the chromaticity, the more negative was the mood of stress ^[20]. Tsuyoshi Moriyama found that conventional indoor lighting consists of white light only, that the industry standard for optimal use of lighting is adjusted according to the colour temperature, and that the lighting used in daily life has been extended to allow for the use of full-colour lighting）和压力进行了研究，得出的结论是，高值条件下色度越高，压力情绪越积极，色度越低，压力情绪越消极[37]。森山刚发现，传统的室内照明仅由白光组成，最佳使用照明的行业标准是根据色温进行调整，日常生活中使用的照明已经扩展到允许使用全彩照明; however, the aforementioned standard has not yet taken into account the effects of coloured lighting on the human body. Therefore, 但是，上述标准尚未考虑彩色照明对人体的影响。因此，Moriyama et al. investigated the effects of coloured lighting conditions on human cognitive abilities and found that most older adults showed greater emotional cognitive improvements under different coloured lighting conditions ^[21]. 等人研究了彩色照明条件对人类认知能力的影响，发现大多数老年人在不同颜色照明条件下表现出更大的情绪认知改善[38]。Na Yu investigated the effects of correlated colour temperature (研究了博物馆中相关色温（CCT) in museums on visitors' perceptions and preferences in museum exhibitions and found that correlated colour temperature (CCT) was associated with eye movements, heart rate variability (HRV) and many perceptual dimensions were significantly correlated ^[22]. ）对参观者在博物馆展览中的感知和偏好的影响，发现相关色温（CCT）与眼球运动、心率变异性（HRV）和许多感知维度显著相关[39]。相关性显著[39]。The correlations were significantina ^[22]. Tiina Rosenqvist found that the main function of human colour vision is to enhance the performance of certain relevant abilities and that vision can be adapted and interpreted by the brain to cope with a wide variety of colour vision phenomena ^[23]. Xin Zhang, in order to change the dull and rigid atmosphere of some interiors, combined spatial principles, colours and visual illusion design techniques to design an aesthetic visual illusion scheme. As a result, the psychological effects of the experimenters were collected and the results showed that 发现，人类色觉的主要功能是增强某些相关能力的表现，视觉可以被大脑适应和解释，以应对各种各样的色觉现象[40]。张鑫，为了改变一些室内的沉闷和僵硬的氛围，结合空间原理、色彩和视觉错觉设计手法，设计出唯美的视觉错觉方案。因此，收集了实验者的心理效果，结果显示90% of the experimenters had the same psychological sensation of the same colour and the colour and visual illusion experiments were verified through successful applications in graphic, interior and medical practices ^[24]. Xiao Hui investigated the effects of environmental lighting modulation on human physiological responses and psychological activities, and found that an increase in nighttime illuminance and correlated colour temperature (的实验者具有相同颜色的心理感觉，并通过在图形、室内和医疗实践中的成功应用验证了颜色和视觉错觉实验[41]。肖辉研究了环境照明调节对人体生理反应和心理活动的影响，发现夜间照度和相关色温（CCT) was positively correlated with melatonin suppression, thus affecting circadian rhythm responses and psychological activities. Meanwhile, high correlated colour temperature (）的增加与褪黑激素抑制呈正相关，从而影响昼夜节律反应和心理活动。同时，高相关色温（CCT) facilitated the stimulation of positive emotions; high illuminance was positively correlated with subjective alertness during the day, with an increase in positive emotions in the morning and a decrease in positive emotions in the afternoon ^[25]. A study by Yingying Zhu investigated the effects of indoor illuminance and correlated colour temperature (）有利于积极情绪的刺激;高照度与白天的主观警觉性呈正相关，早上积极情绪增加，下午积极情绪减少[42]。朱莹莹的研究调查了室内照度和相关色温（CCT) on cognitive performance, subjective mood, and alertness during daytime office hours in healthy adults, as well as differences in temporal effects, and showed that inhibition, working memory, and facial expression task recognition were the slowest in low "warm" light ^[26].）对健康成年人在白天办公时间的认知表现、主观情绪和警觉性的影响以及时间效应的差异，结果表明，在低“暖”光下，抑制、工作记忆和面部表情任务识别的反应最慢[43]。

4. Effects of white light in space on mood空间白光对情绪的影响

Bright light can enhance both positive and negative emotions, and warm white tones or warm lighting help us achieve deeper levels of relaxation and feel more comfortable ^[27]. One study showed that ambient lighting was more effective at calming anxious older adults than neutral atmospheres ^[28]. Lighting clearly attracts attention明亮的光线可以增强积极和消极的情绪，温暖的白色调或温暖的灯光帮助我们实现更深层次的放松并感觉更舒适[44]。一项研究表明，环境照明比中性氛围更有效地安抚焦虑的老年人[45]。照明显然吸引了人们的注意力; in a study by 在Eugene W. Sucov and 和Lyle H. Taylor, when people had to cross a path, they tended to choose a lighter, brighter, and more light-feeling path over a dimly lit one ^[29]. Cooler shades of white light can help improve visual clarity at work ^[30], and a study conducted by 的一项研究中，当人们不得不穿过一条小路时，他们倾向于选择一条更亮、更明亮、光线感更强的路径，而不是一条光线昏暗的道路[46]。较冷的白光色调可以帮助提高工作中的视觉清晰度[47]，B. Plitnick showed that blue light stimulates the brain more than any other light, with study participants rating themselves as "less sleepy", with faster reaction times and less concentration in performance tests ^[31]进行的一项研究表明，蓝光比任何其他光更能刺激大脑，研究参与者将自己评为“不那么困倦”，在性能测试中反应时间更快，注意力不集中[48]. On the other hand, natural white light can be a mood booster as it can help people feel more energised, alert and motivated as it increases the body's serotonin levels ^[32]. According to 另一方面，自然白光可以成为情绪助推器，因为它可以帮助人们感到更有活力、警觉和动力，因为它会增加身体的血清素水平[49]。根据Liberman J在他的书《光：医学的未来》中的说法，“大多数人更喜欢日光环境，因为阳光由平衡的颜色光谱组成，在可见光谱的蓝绿色区域有轻微的能量峰值” in his book Light: the Future of Medicine, "Most people prefer daylight environments because sunlight consists of a balanced spectrum of colours, with a slight energy peak in the blue-green region of the visible spectrum" ^[33]. In Lighting: design and analysis, Robbins [50]。在《照明：设计与分析》一书中，罗宾斯C states that exposure to natural light improves mood, boosts morale and reduces fatigue. It reduces depressive symptoms and improves our sense of well-being ^[34]. One of the important indicators of lighting quality is correlated colour temperature (指出，暴露在自然光下可以改善情绪，鼓舞士气并减少疲劳。它可以减轻抑郁症状，改善我们的幸福感[51]。照明质量的重要指标之一是相关色温，一般来说，对相关色温（CCT), and in general, studies on the effects of correlated colour temperature (）影响的研究表明，与具有相同照度的低相关色温（CCT) have shown that high correlated colour temperature (CCT) (warm light) reduces positive mood compared to low CCT (warm light) with the same illuminance ^[35]）（暖色光）相比，高相关色温（CCT）（暖色光）会降低积极情绪[52]. A study by Nguyen,， T.K.L., found that different wavelengths of white LED illumination also have an effect on the growth and quality of lettuce in a vertical farming system ^[36]. 的一项研究发现，不同波长的白光LED照明也会对垂直农业系统中生菜的生长和质量产生影响[53]。Seong Jae Kim investigated whether white light could positively affect sleep and cognition in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease, and found that white light enriched with blue light had a significantly better effect on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and also had a better improvement in the effect on the total sleep time ^[37]. 研究了白光是否能对轻中度阿尔茨海默病患者的睡眠和认知产生积极影响，发现富含蓝光的白光对匹兹堡睡眠质量指数的影响明显更好，对总睡眠时间的影响也有更好的改善[54]。Kyungah Choi stated that blue light-rich 指出，富含蓝光的LED lights are a simple and effective potential countermeasure to the problem of college students' drowsiness and dozing off in class, especially in indoor spaces of schools with insufficient daylight ^[38]. The research article investigated whether young children could associate colour with mood and whether there were any changes in development, finding that white was the most popular colour in the bedroom ^[39]. 灯是解决大学生在课堂上昏昏欲睡和打瞌睡问题的一种简单有效的潜在对策，特别是在日光不足的学校室内空间[55]。该研究文章调查了幼儿是否可以将颜色与情绪联系起来，以及发育是否有任何变化，发现白色是卧室中最受欢迎的颜色[56]。Wang,， J investigated the effect of breathing light in light cool and warm white colours on the effects of users' mood regulators and found that over a 5-second cycle, breathing light significantly reduced the EDA values and heart rates of people experiencing extreme emotions, which in turn reduced the level of tension, while colour temperature had little effect on the effectiveness of the breathing light intervention ^[40]. Dr 研究了浅冷暖色白光呼吸对用户情绪调节器作用的影响，发现在5秒的周期内，呼吸光显著降低了经历极端情绪的人的EDA值和心率，从而减轻了紧张感，而色温对呼吸光干预的有效性几乎没有影响[57]。Seung Hyun Cha 博士调查了是否在investigated whether indoor colour schemes affect mood, task performance and heart rate in virtual environments (IVEs) and found that significantly fewer mistakes were made in white immersive spaces ^[41]. The above study proved that white light has a greater impact on people's emotional perception in daily life, and that the rational use of white light can soothe people's emotions. In addition, white light mm在虚拟环境（IVE）中，室内配色方案会影响情绪、任务表现和心率，并发现在白色沉浸式空间中犯的错误明显较少[58]。上述研究证明，白光对人们日常生活中的情绪感知影响较大，合理使用白光可以舒缓人们的情绪。此外，不同色温的白光CCT with different colour temperatures has been the focus of researchers' attention, with the most attention being paid to the effects of cool white light and warm white light on people's emotional perception.也一直是研究者关注的焦点，最关注的是冷白光和暖白光对人们情绪感知的影响。

5. Emotional responses to coloured light in space空间中对彩色光的情绪反应

The colours and lighting conditions of urban architectural spaces have an effect on human emotions and bodies, and one of the criteria for good architectural spaces is the selection of appropriate colours and lighting conditions for the space. Xie Xing studied the effect of coloured lights on individual emotions and concluded that red light decreases the feelings of calmness, relaxation, stability and pleasure and increases the feelings of irritation and tension城市建筑空间的色彩和光线条件对人的情感和身体有一定的影响，而良好建筑空间的标准之一是选择合适的空间色彩和照明条件。谢星研究了彩灯对个体情绪的影响，得出的结论是，红光会降低平静、放松、稳定和愉悦的感觉，并增加刺激和紧张的感觉; blue light decreases the feelings of relaxation and stability and increases the feelings of irritation; green light decreases the feelings of pleasure; and yellow light decreases the feelings of irritation. At the same time, this study showed that the interaction between artefact type and illumination correlates with the perception of visual objects ^[42]. The brain is an electrochemical machine that is affected by all the frequencies it experiences, which are generated by light, sound and colour. Information enters the amygdala, which is a key area for emotion regulation, and is then processed into the emotional body for interpretive responses. With this in mind, 蓝光会减少放松和稳定的感觉，并增加刺激感;绿灯会减少愉悦感;黄光减少刺激感。同时，这项研究表明，人工制品类型和照明之间的相互作用与视觉对象的感知具有相关性[59]。大脑是一台电化学机器，受到它所经历的所有频率的影响，这些频率是由光、声音和颜色产生的。信息进入杏仁核，杏仁核是情绪调节的关键区域，然后被加工到情绪体中进行解释反应。考虑到这一点，Judy Theodorson explored human responses to coloured lighting in space using light emitting diodes (使用发光二极管（LEDs) with the aim of understanding preferences and emotional responses, demonstrating that stimuli from monochromatic lighting (red, blue and green) conferred a distinctive subjective impression of spatial environments, and that warm colours were preferred when mixed-colour illumination was introduced, and that red illumination was consistently perceived to be the most vibrant ^[43].）探索了人类对空间中彩色照明的反应，目的是了解偏好和情绪反应，表明来自单色照明（红色，蓝色和绿色）的刺激赋予了空间环境独特的主观印象，并且当引入混合颜色照明时，首选暖色，红色照明一直被认为是最有活力的[60]。 However, interior colour psychology is much more complex than the meaning of colour. This is because there are several colour attributes that can also evoke specific emotions and feelings in occupants. Some of the most common colour or hue attributes that should be considered when creating an interior design palette include tint, shade, hue, value, saturation, and chroma.然而，室内色彩心理学比色彩的含义要复杂得多。这是因为有几种颜色属性也可以唤起居住者的特定情绪和感受。创建室内设计调色板时应考虑的一些最常见的颜色或色调属性包括色调、阴影、色调、值、饱和度和色度。Reham Sanad found that interior design students responded to all bright greens less than oranges in four different interior colour schemes. Red is responsible for evoking negative emotional views, including anger, tension, and exhaustion. Blue can be effectively used to design interior spaces for people experiencing negative emotions to stimulate and enhance their emotional feelings ^[44]. An office study of biophilic design and blue light by 发现，室内设计专业的学生在四种不同的室内配色方案中对所有明亮的绿色的反应都低于橙色。红色负责唤起负面的情绪观点，包括愤怒、紧张、疲惫等。蓝色可以有效地用于为经历负面情绪的人设计室内空间，以刺激和增强他们的情绪感受[61]。谢家荣（Jiarong Xie found that blue-illuminated spaces resulted in lower ratings of most perceptual attributes ^[45]. Dr ）对亲生物设计和蓝光的办公室研究发现，蓝色照明的空间导致大多数感知属性的评级降低[62]。H Lee,博士通过研究彩色照明对具有不同文化差距的种族的情感影响，发现不同种族对浅色的感知有显着影响，但对唤醒没有影响，并且亚洲人在红色和紫色照明中明显不如所有其他颜色令人愉快，并且往往比白种人更快乐， by examining the emotional impact of coloured lighting on races with different cultural gaps, found that there was a significant effect of different races on the perception of lighter colours, but not on arousal, and that 谁更不愉快[63]。Asians were significantly less attracted to the colours red and purple in lighting were significantly less pleasant than all other colours and tended to be happier than Caucasians, who were less pleasant ^[46]. Ashwini wini Sunil Nair studied the effect of light colours in the built environment on the behaviour of children with autism using a number of neutral tones, soft tones proved to be autism friendly and had a calming and soothing effect whereas bright, bold and strong colours led to autistic children's behavioural changes and they are prone to light sensitivity ^[47]使用许多中性色调研究了建筑环境中浅色对自闭症儿童行为的影响，柔和的色调被证明对自闭症友好，具有镇静和舒缓作用，而明亮，大胆和强烈的颜色导致自闭症儿童的行为改变，他们容易对光敏感[64]. Ahmadreza Khalili used augmented reality to simulate various environments based on different light and colour parameters and found that neutral colours are more attractive than other colours in two-colour spaces ^[48].使用增强现实技术根据不同的光线和颜色参数模拟各种环境，发现中性色在双色空间中比其他颜色更具吸引力[65]。