ДепрессивныеDepressive disorders расстройства представляют собой гетерогенную группу заболеваний. Этиология, точные патофизиологические механизмы, ответ на лечение и исход депрессивных расстройств до сих пор плохо изучены. Цитокиновая гипотеза депрессии предполагает, что провоспалительные цитокины, действующие как нейромодуляторы, являются ключевым фактором, опосредующим поведенческие, нейроэндокринные и нейрохимические изменения при этом заболеванииare a heterogeneous group of diseases. The etiology, precise pathophysiological mechanisms, response to treatment, and outcome of depressive disorders are still poorly understood. The cytokine hypothesis of depression proposes that pro-inflammatory cytokines acting as neuromodulators are a key factor mediating behavioral, neuroendocrine, and neurochemical changes in this disease.
Research | Analyzed Polymorphisms | Sample | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Kim et al. (2017) [29] | TNFA: rs1799724 (−850C/T; −308G/A); IL1B: rs16944 (−511C/T), +3953C/T |
286 patients with PSD | −511C/T polymorphism was associated with primary depression and PSD at 2 weeks; higher TNF-α levels were associated with PSD at 2 weeks in in patients carried −850T allele. |
Tartter et al. (2015) [30] | IL6: rs1800795 (−174G/C); IL1B: rs16944 (−511C/T); TNF: rs1800629 (−308G/A) |
444 young adults whose exposure to chronic stress in the past 6 months; Australian cohort | Patients with the −174G allele had fewer depressive symptoms after interpersonal stress compared with CC homozygotes with equal exposure to interpersonal stress. The −511C allele in IL1B was associated with more severe depression after chronic interpersonal stress compared with TT homozygotes. |
Lezheiko et al. (2018) [31] | IL1B: rs16944 (−511T/C); TNFA: rs1800629 (−308A/G) |
139 patients with depression vs. 530 HS; Russian cohort | The −511T/C and −308A/G polymorphisms were associated with depression; CC genotype and GG genotype are the risk factors of depression. |
McQuaid et al. (2019) [32] | IL1B: rs16944; IL6: rs1800795; TNFA: rs1800629 |
475 university students | Depressive symptoms were higher among individuals who experienced childhood adversity with the GG genotype of the IL1B rs16944. |
Kovacs et al. (2016) [33] | IL1B: rs16944, rs1143643 | 1053 persons; Hungarian cohort | The rs16944*A allele was associated with childhood adversity increasing anxiety and depressive symptoms. The A allele of rs1143643 demonstrated protective effect against depressive symptoms after recent life stress. |
Bialek et al. (2020) [18] | IL1B: rs1143623 (−1560G/C), rs1143627 (−118C/T); IL1A: rs17561 (c.340G/T); TNFA: rs1799964 (−1211T/C), rs1800629 (−488G/A) |
270 patients with depression vs. 231 HS; Polish cohort | It was shown an association between the T allele and the TT genotype of rs1799964 TNFA and low effectiveness of pharmacotherapy; the C allele and CT genotype were associated with good response to therapy. Carryer of GC and CC genotypes of rs1143623 IL1B showed varying levels of disease severity ccording to the HDRS. The combined genotypes of rs1143627–rs17561, rs1143627–rs1799964 and rs1143623–rs1799964, decreased the risk of depression occurrence, rs1143627–rs1800629 increased the risk. |
Kang et al. (2017) [34] | IL1B: rs16944 (−511C/T), +3953C/T | 969 patients at 2 weeks after ACS, 711—at 1 year later | Depression during the acute ACS was associated with the −511T allele and the IL-1β levels. There was no association with depression in chronic ACS. There was no association with depression in the acute or chronic phase and the +3953C/T genotype. |
Draganov et al. (2019) [35] | 41 SNPs in IL1B, IL2, IL6, IL6R, IL10, IL18, TNFA, IFNG | 153 patients with MDD | Polymorphic variant rs1143643 of IL1B was associated with MSM scores. Allelic distribution of rs57569414 IL6R demonstrates a trend to significance with MSM scores. Combinations of alleles of IL1B and IL10 were associated with response to treatment. |
Kim et al. (2013) [36] | TNFA: rs1800629 (−308G/A); IL10: rs1800896 (−1082A/G); IFNG: rs2430561 (+874T/A) |
301 patients with MDD (204 attempted suicide, 97 not attempted suicide); Korean cohort | Among patients with MDD the TNFA −308GG genotype was associated with an increased risk of suicide; IL10-1082A/G were not associated with that risk. |
Tsai et al. (2023) [37] | GWAS involving 684,616 SNPs | 65 patients with TRD; Chinese cohort | Two SNPs (rs2540315 and rs75746675) in IL1R1 were associated with a rapid (within 240 min) antidepressant effect of ketamine infusion in patients with TRD. |
Kim et al. (2013) [38] | TNFA: rs1799724 (−850C/T); IL1B: rs16944 (−511C/T), +3953C/T; IL6: rs1800795 (−174G/C); IL8: −251T/A; IL4: +33T/C; IL10: rs1800896 (−1082A/G) |
309 women with breast cancer at one week after surgery, 244 (79%)—at one year later. | IL1B-511TT was associated with depression at one week after surgery with breast cancer and persistent depression at one year follow-up. |
Luckhoff et al. (2016) [39] | TNFA: rs1800629 (−308G/A) | 94 patients with MDD vs. 97 HS; South African cohort | The rs1800629*A-allele in TNFA was associated with early-onset of MDD. |
Lu et al. (2023) [40] | IL6: rs1800795; rs1800796 | 114 patients with depression vs. 110 HS; Han Chinese cohort | The CC genotype and the C allele of rs1800796 were associated with depression. |
Golimbet et al. (2017) [41] | IL4: −589C/T; IL6: rs1800795 (−174G/C); TNFA: rs1800629 (−308G/A); CRP: −717A/G |
78 male CHD patients with depression; 91—without depression; 127 HS; Russian cohort | IL6-174GThe /C был связан с депрессией ,IL6-174G/C сопутствующейwas ИБС. IL4-589C /T был связан с ИБСassociated with depression comorbid to CHD. The . НетIL4-589C/T was associated with CHD. No association связиbetween междуthe TNFA -308G/A иand the CRP -717A/G с депрессией при ИБСwith depression in CHD. |
КовачKovacs и дрet al. (2016) [ 42 ] | ИЛIL6 : rs1800795 | 1053 волонтераvolunteers; Венгерская когортаHungarian cohort | IL6The rs1800795 вместе с различными стрессорами увеличивает риск депрессии и оказывает большее влияние, измеряемое симптомами ZSDS .IL6 rs1800795 in common with various stressors increases the risk of depression and has a greater impact measured by the ZSDS symptoms. |
ГалGal и др.et al (2023) [ 43 ] | ИЛIL6 : rs1800795 | БиобанкUK ВеликобританииBiobank, n = 277 501 |
The rs1800795 был связан с недавним стрессом, вызванным текущими депрессивными симптомами и пожизненной депрессиейwas associated with recent stress on current depressive symptoms and lifetime depression. |
УдинаUdina и дрet al. (2013) [ 44 ] | ИЛIL6 : rs1800795 | 385 больныхpatients with хроническим гепатитом; Кавказская когортаchronic hepatitis; Caucasian cohort | The rs1800795 IL6 incrs1800795 увеличивает риск индуцированной IFN депрессии и тревоги. Это было связано с показателями утомляемости у пациентов с хроническим гепатитом С до леченияeases the risk of induced by IFN depression and anxiety. It was associated with fatigue rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C before treatment. |
ЧжанZhang и дрet al. (2016) [ 45 ] | ИЛIL6 : 1800797 | 772 пациентаpatients с БДР противwith MDD vs. 759 HS; Когорта ханьских китайцевHan Chinese cohort | СвязьAssociation междуbetween rs1800797 и риском БДР and the risk of MDD. |
МацюкевичMaciukiewicz и дрet al. (2015) [ 46 ] | ДвадцатьTwenty SNP вs in IL1B , IL2 , IL6 , TSPO иand BDNF | ПациентыMDD с БДР, получавшие дулоксетинpatients treated with duloxetine (n = 215) или плацебоor placebo (n = 235) | АссоциацияAssociation IL6 (-−63G/A, rs2066992; +1984T/G, rs10242595) с ответом на терапию дулоксетином у пациентов с БДРwith response to duloxetine therapy in MDD patients. IL6 rs2066992 иand rs10242595 были связаны с реакцией на дулоксетин.were associated with duloxetine response. The rs2066992 был связан с реакцией на плацебоwas associated with placebo response. |
ХандакерKhandaker и дрat al. (2018) [ 47 ] | IL6R: rs2228145 (Asp358Ala) | 9912 невыбранныхunselected участников из когорты рождения participants from the ALSPAC birth cohort | Asp358Ala былwas associated with связан со сниженным риском тяжелой депрессии и/или психозаa reduced risk of severe depression and/or psychosis. Asp358Ala не был связан с общей оценкой депрессии и с факторами риска, связанными с воспалением, депрессией или психозомwas not associated with total depression score and with the risk factors related with inflammation, depression or psychosis. |
ДаннDunn и дрet al. (2013) [ 48 ] | 104 SNPs и гаплотипа в 15 генах цитокиновand haplotypes in 15 cytokine genes | 167 онкологическихoncology больных с раком предстательной железы, молочной железы, легких или головного мозга и 85 их ФКpatients with prostate, breast, lung, or brain cancer and 85 of their FCs | ВыявленыSignificant associations of cytokine gene значимые ассоциации вариантов генов цитокинов с траекториями депрессивных симптомов у онкологических больных и их ФК. Две из этих ассоциаций были связаны с генами с противовоспалительными функциями variants with trajectories of depressive symptoms in cancer patients and their FC have been identified. Two of these associations were in genes with anti-inflammatory functions ( IL1R2 , IL10 ), а одна — с геном с провоспалительными функциямиand one was with a gene with proinflammatory functions ( TNFA ). |
ДунDoong и дрet al. (2015) [ 49 ] | 82 SNPs в 15 генах цитокиновin 15 genes of cytokine | 398 больныхbreast раком молочной железыcancer patients | ЗначимыеSignificant ассоциации междуassociations between IL6 rs2069845, IL13 rs1295686, иand TNFA rs18800610 сwith a symptom кластером симптомов боли, нарушения сна, усталости и депрессииcluster of pain, sleep disturbance, fatigue and depression. |
СантосSantos и дрet al. (2016) [ 50 ] | IL18: rs1946518 (-607A/C), rs187238 (-137C/G) | 80 пациентовMDD с БДР; когорта португальцевpatients; Portuguese cohort | IL18-607A -607A/C иand IL18-137C -137C/G былиwere associated with the связаны с эффектом терапии БА. Пациенты, несущие генотипы CA или AA effect of the AD therapy. Patients carrying CA or AA genotypes of -607A/C, и пациенты, несущие генотипы GC или CC and patients carrying GC or CC genotypes of -137C/G, были значительно более склонны к рецидивам после терапии и имели значительно более короткое время до рецидива were significantly more prone to relapse after therapy and present a significantly lower time to relapse. |
СандовалSandoval-Каррильо и дрCarrillo et al. (2018) [ 51 ] | TNFA: rs1799724 (-857C/T), rs1800629 (-308G/A), rs361525 (-238G/A) | 153 беременныхpregnant женщины с депрессией противwomen with depression vs. 177 HS | ГенотипThe -−857CT повышал риск депрессии. Генотип -genotype increased the risk for depression. The −238GA снижает риск. Нет связи между полиморфизмом -genotype reduced the risk. No association between the −308G/A и риском депрессии. Гаплотипpolymorphism and depression risk. The C857-G308-A238 был связан со снижением риска депрессииhaplotype was associated with a decrease of depression risk. |
СаадSaad и дрet al. (2014) [ 52 ] | 82 SNPs в 15 генах цитокиновin 15 cytokine genes | 155 пациентовpatients с резильентными и 180 пациентов с субсиндромальными депрессивными классами симптомовwith resilient and 180 patients with subsyndromal depressive symptom classes | УIn пациентов с раком молочной железы изменение трех генов цитокиновpatients with breast cancer variation in three cytokine genes IFNGR1 rs937626, IL6 rs2069840, TNFA rs1799964, предсказывает принадлежность к субсиндромальному классу по сравнению с устойчивым, а также возраст и функциональное состояниеpredicted membership in the Subsyndromal versus the Resilient class as well as age and functional status. |
БиалекBialek и дрet al. (2020) [ 53 ] | TGFB1 : rs1800469 (g.41354391A/G); IRF : rs2070729 (g.132484229C/A); PTGS2 : rs5275 (186643058A/G); PTGS2 : rs4648308 (g.186640617C/T); TGF-α : rs2166975 (g.70677994G/A); ИКБКБ IKBKB: rs5029748 (гg.42140549Г/ТG/T). |
80 пациентовpatients с депрессией противwith depression vs. 180 HS | ГенотипThe AG genotype of rs2166975 TGFA былwas associated with связан с повышенным риском депрессии, генотип GG снижал риск. Генотип AG и аллель G an increased risk of depression, the GG genotype reduced the risk. The AG genotype and G allele of the rs2166975 TGFA was ассоциированы с повышенным риском развития депрессии у мужчин. Генотипassociated with increased risk of depression development in men. Genotype rs1800469*AA of TGFB1 was associated with ассоциировался с более ранним возрастом дебюта заболевания, генотип GG увеличивал тяжесть депрессивного эпизодаearlier age of onset of the disease, GG genotype increased severity of the depressive episode. |
МихайловаMihailova и дрet al. (2016) [ 54 ] | TNFA , TGFB , IL10 , IL6 , IFNG | 80 пациентовpatients с депрессией противwith depression vs. 50 HS; Болгарская когортаBulgarian cohort | ГенотипThe TGFB + 869TT genotype (rs1800470) преобладал у больных по сравнению с HS. Комбинированный генотип TT-GC prevailed in patients compared with HS. The TT-GC combined genotype (+869T/C, +915G/C) ассоциировался с рецидивом заболеванияwas associated with disease recurrence. |