DepressiveДепрессивные disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases. The etiology, precise pathophysiological mechanisms, response to treatment, and outcome of depressive disorders are still poorly understood. The cytokine hypothesis of depression proposes that pro-inflammatory cytokines acting as neuromodulators are a key factor mediating behavioral, neuroendocrine, and neurochemical changes in this diseaseрасстройства представляют собой гетерогенную группу заболеваний. Этиология, точные патофизиологические механизмы, ответ на лечение и исход депрессивных расстройств до сих пор плохо изучены. Цитокиновая гипотеза депрессии предполагает, что провоспалительные цитокины, действующие как нейромодуляторы, являются ключевым фактором, опосредующим поведенческие, нейроэндокринные и нейрохимические изменения при этом заболевании.
Research | Analyzed Polymorphisms | Sample | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Kim et al. (2017) [27][29] | TNFA: rs1799724 (−850C/T; −308G/A); IL1B: rs16944 (−511C/T), +3953C/T |
286 patients with PSD | −511C/T polymorphism was associated with primary depression and PSD at 2 weeks; higher TNF-α levels were associated with PSD at 2 weeks in in patients carried −850T allele. |
Tartter et al. (2015) [28][30] | IL6: rs1800795 (−174G/C); IL1B: rs16944 (−511C/T); TNF: rs1800629 (−308G/A) |
444 young adults whose exposure to chronic stress in the past 6 months; Australian cohort | Patients with the −174G allele had fewer depressive symptoms after interpersonal stress compared with CC homozygotes with equal exposure to interpersonal stress. The −511C allele in IL1B was associated with more severe depression after chronic interpersonal stress compared with TT homozygotes. |
Lezheiko et al. (2018) [29][31] | IL1B: rs16944 (−511T/C); TNFA: rs1800629 (−308A/G) |
139 patients with depression vs. 530 HS; Russian cohort | The −511T/C and −308A/G polymorphisms were associated with depression; CC genotype and GG genotype are the risk factors of depression. |
McQuaid et al. (2019) [30][32] | IL1B: rs16944; IL6: rs1800795; TNFA: rs1800629 |
475 university students | Depressive symptoms were higher among individuals who experienced childhood adversity with the GG genotype of the IL1B rs16944. |
Kovacs et al. (2016) [31][33] | IL1B: rs16944, rs1143643 | 1053 persons; Hungarian cohort | The rs16944*A allele was associated with childhood adversity increasing anxiety and depressive symptoms. The A allele of rs1143643 demonstrated protective effect against depressive symptoms after recent life stress. |
Bialek et al. (2020) [18] | IL1B: rs1143623 (−1560G/C), rs1143627 (−118C/T); IL1A: rs17561 (c.340G/T); TNFA: rs1799964 (−1211T/C), rs1800629 (−488G/A) |
270 patients with depression vs. 231 HS; Polish cohort | It was shown an association between the T allele and the TT genotype of rs1799964 TNFA and low effectiveness of pharmacotherapy; the C allele and CT genotype were associated with good response to therapy. Carryer of GC and CC genotypes of rs1143623 IL1B showed varying levels of disease severity ccording to the HDRS. The combined genotypes of rs1143627–rs17561, rs1143627–rs1799964 and rs1143623–rs1799964, decreased the risk of depression occurrence, rs1143627–rs1800629 increased the risk. |
Kang et al. (2017) [32][34] | IL1B: rs16944 (−511C/T), +3953C/T | 969 patients at 2 weeks after ACS, 711—at 1 year later | Depression during the acute ACS was associated with the −511T allele and the IL-1β levels. There was no association with depression in chronic ACS. There was no association with depression in the acute or chronic phase and the +3953C/T genotype. |
Draganov et al. (2019) [33][35] | 41 SNPs in IL1B, IL2, IL6, IL6R, IL10, IL18, TNFA, IFNG | 153 patients with MDD | Polymorphic variant rs1143643 of IL1B was associated with MSM scores. Allelic distribution of rs57569414 IL6R demonstrates a trend to significance with MSM scores. Combinations of alleles of IL1B and IL10 were associated with response to treatment. |
Kim et al. (2013) [34][36] | TNFA: rs1800629 (−308G/A); IL10: rs1800896 (−1082A/G); IFNG: rs2430561 (+874T/A) |
301 patients with MDD (204 attempted suicide, 97 not attempted suicide); Korean cohort | Among patients with MDD the TNFA −308GG genotype was associated with an increased risk of suicide; IL10-1082A/G were not associated with that risk. |
Tsai et al. (2023) [35][37] | GWAS involving 684,616 SNPs | 65 patients with TRD; Chinese cohort | Two SNPs (rs2540315 and rs75746675) in IL1R1 were associated with a rapid (within 240 min) antidepressant effect of ketamine infusion in patients with TRD. |
Kim et al. (2013) [36][38] | TNFA: rs1799724 (−850C/T); IL1B: rs16944 (−511C/T), +3953C/T; IL6: rs1800795 (−174G/C); IL8: −251T/A; IL4: +33T/C; IL10: rs1800896 (−1082A/G) |
309 women with breast cancer at one week after surgery, 244 (79%)—at one year later. | IL1B-511TT was associated with depression at one week after surgery with breast cancer and persistent depression at one year follow-up. |
Luckhoff et al. (2016) [37][39] | TNFA: rs1800629 (−308G/A) | 94 patients with MDD vs. 97 HS; South African cohort | The rs1800629*A-allele in TNFA was associated with early-onset of MDD. |
Lu et al. (2023) [38][40] | IL6: rs1800795; rs1800796 | 114 patients with depression vs. 110 HS; Han Chinese cohort | The CC genotype and the C allele of rs1800796 were associated with depression. |
Golimbet et al. (2017) [39][41] | IL4: −589C/T; IL6: rs1800795 (−174G/C); TNFA: rs1800629 (−308G/A); CRP: −717A/G |
78 male CHD patients with depression; 91—without depression; 127 HS; Russian cohort | TheIL6-174G /C был связан с депрессией IL6-174G/C, wasсопутствующей associated with depression comorbid to CHD. TheИБС. IL4-589C /T был связан с ИБС IL4-589C/T. Нет wasсвязи associatedмежду with CHD. No association between the TNFA -308G/A and theи CRP -717A/G with depression in CHDс депрессией при ИБС. |
KovacsКовач et alи др. (2016) [40][ 42 ] | ILИЛ6 : rs1800795 | 1053 volunteersволонтера; Hungarian cohortВенгерская когорта | TheIL6 rs1800795 вместе с различными стрессорами увеличивает риск депрессии и оказывает большее влияние, измеряемое симптомами ZSDS IL6 rs1800795 in common with various stressors increases the risk of depression and has a greater impact measured by the ZSDS symptoms.. |
GalГал et alи др. (2023) [41][ 43 ] | ILИЛ6 : rs1800795 | UKБиобанк BiobankВеликобритании, n = 277 501 |
The rs1800795 was associated with recent stress on current depressive symptoms and lifetime depressionбыл связан с недавним стрессом, вызванным текущими депрессивными симптомами и пожизненной депрессией. |
UdinaУдина et alи др. (2013) [42][ 44 ] | ILИЛ6 : rs1800795 | 385 patientsбольных with chronic hepatitis; Caucasian cohortхроническим гепатитом; Кавказская когорта | The rs1800795 IL6 increases the risk of induced by IFN depression and anxiety. It was associated with fatigue rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C before treatments1800795 увеличивает риск индуцированной IFN депрессии и тревоги. Это было связано с показателями утомляемости у пациентов с хроническим гепатитом С до лечения. |
ZhangЧжан et alи др. (2016) [43][ 45 ] | ILИЛ6 : 1800797 | 772 patientsпациента with MDD vs.с БДР против 759 HS; Han Chinese cohortКогорта ханьских китайцев | AssociationСвязь betweenмежду rs1800797 and the risk of MDDи риском БДР. |
MaciukiewiczМацюкевич et alи др. (2015) [ [44]46 ] | TwentyДвадцать SNPs in в IL1B , IL2 , IL6 , TSPO andи BDNF | MDDПациенты patients treated with duloxetineс БДР, получавшие дулоксетин (n = 215) or placeboили плацебо (n = 235) | AssociationАссоциация IL6 (−-63G/A, rs2066992; +1984T/G, rs10242595) with response to duloxetine therapy in MDD patientsс ответом на терапию дулоксетином у пациентов с БДР. IL6 rs2066992 andи rs10242595 were associated with duloxetine response. The были связаны с реакцией на дулоксетин. rs2066992 was associated with placebo responseбыл связан с реакцией на плацебо. |
KhandakerХандакер at alи др. (2018) [45][ 47 ] | IL6R: rs2228145 (Asp358Ala) | 9912 unselectedневыбранных участников participants from theиз когорты рождения ALSPAC birth cohort | Asp358Ala wasбыл associated with a reduced risk of severe depression and/or psychosisсвязан со сниженным риском тяжелой депрессии и/или психоза. Asp358Ala was not associated with total depression score and with the risk factors related with inflammation, depression or psychosisне был связан с общей оценкой депрессии и с факторами риска, связанными с воспалением, депрессией или психозом. |
DunnДанн et alи др. (2013) [ [46]48 ] | 104 SNPs and haplotypes in 15 cytokine genesи гаплотипа в 15 генах цитокинов | 167 oncologyонкологических больных с patients with prostate, breast, lung, or brain cancer and 85 of their FCsраком предстательной железы, молочной железы, легких или головного мозга и 85 их ФК | SignificantВыявлены associations of cytokine gene variants with trajectories of depressive symptoms in cancer patients and their FC have been identified. Two of these associations were in genes withзначимые ассоциации вариантов генов цитокинов с траекториями депрессивных симптомов у онкологических больных и их ФК. Две из этих ассоциаций были связаны с генами с противовоспалительными функциями ( anti-inflammatory functions (IL1R2 , IL10 ), and one was with a gene with proinflammatory functionsа одна — с геном с провоспалительными функциями ( (TNFA ). |
DoongДун et alи др. (2015) [47][ 49 ] | 82 SNPs in 15 genes of cytokineв 15 генах цитокинов | 398 breastбольных раком cancer patientsмолочной железы | SignificantЗначимые associations betweenассоциации между IL6 rs2069845, IL13 rs1295686, andи TNFA rs18800610 withс a symptom cluster of pain, sleep disturbance, fatigue and depressionкластером симптомов боли, нарушения сна, усталости и депрессии. |
SantosСантос et alи др. (2016) [48][ 50 ] | IL18: rs1946518 (-607A/C), rs187238 (-137C/G) | 80 MDDпациентов с patients; Portuguese cohortБДР; когорта португальцев | IL18-607A-607A /C andи IL18-137C-137C /G wereбыли associated with the effect of the AD therapy. Patients carrying CA or AA genotypes of связаны с эффектом терапии БА. Пациенты, несущие генотипы CA или AA -607A/C and patients carrying GC or CC genotypes of , и пациенты, несущие генотипы GC или CC -137C/G were significantly more prone to relapse after therapy and present a significantly lower time to relapse, были значительно более склонны к рецидивам после терапии и имели значительно более короткое время до рецидива. |
SandovalСандовал-Carrillo et alКаррильо и др. (2018) [ [49]51 ] | TNFA: rs1799724 (-857C/T), rs1800629 (-308G/A), rs361525 (-238G/A) | 153 pregnantбеременных women with depression vs.женщины с депрессией против 177 HS | TheГенотип −-857CT genotype increased the risk for depression. The −повышал риск депрессии. Генотип -238GA genotype reduced the risk. No association between the −снижает риск. Нет связи между полиморфизмом -308G/A polymorphism and depression risk. Theи риском депрессии. Гаплотип C857-G308-A238 haplotype was associated with a decrease of depression riskбыл связан со снижением риска депрессии. |
SaadСаад et alи др. (2014) [50][ 52 ] | 82 SNPs in 15 cytokine genesв 15 генах цитокинов | 155 patientsпациентов with resilient and 180 patients with subsyndromal depressive symptom classesс резильентными и 180 пациентов с субсиндромальными депрессивными классами симптомов | InУ patients with breast cancer variation in three cytokine genesпациентов с раком молочной железы изменение трех генов цитокинов IFNGR1 rs937626, IL6 rs2069840, TNFA rs1799964, predicted membership in the Subsyndromal versus the Resilient class as well as age and functional statusпредсказывает принадлежность к субсиндромальному классу по сравнению с устойчивым, а также возраст и функциональное состояние. |
BialekБиалек et alи др. (2020) [51][ 53 ] | TGFB1 : rs1800469 (g.41354391A/G); IRF : rs2070729 (g.132484229C/A); PTGS2 : rs5275 (186643058A/G); PTGS2 : rs4648308 (g.186640617C/T); TGF-α : rs2166975 (g.70677994G/A); IKBKBИКБКБ : rs5029748 (gг.42140549G/TГ/Т). |
80 patientsпациентов with depression vs.с депрессией против 180 HS | TheГенотип AG genotype of rs2166975 TGFA wasбыл associated with an increased risk of depression, the GG genotype reduced the risk. The AG genotype and G allele of the связан с повышенным риском депрессии, генотип GG снижал риск. Генотип AG и аллель G rs2166975 TGFA wasассоциированы associated with increased risk of depression development in men. Genotypeс повышенным риском развития депрессии у мужчин. Генотип rs1800469*AA of TGFB1 wasассоциировался associated with earlier age of onset of the disease, GG genotype increased severity of the depressive episodeс более ранним возрастом дебюта заболевания, генотип GG увеличивал тяжесть депрессивного эпизода. |
MihailovaМихайлова et alи др. (2016) [52][ 54 ] | TNFA , TGFB , IL10 , IL6 , IFNG | 80 patientsпациентов with depression vs.с депрессией против 50 HS; Bulgarian cohortБолгарская когорта | TheГенотип TGFB + 869TT genotype (rs1800470) prevailed in patients compared with HS. Theпреобладал у больных по сравнению с HS. Комбинированный генотип TT-GC combined genotype (+869T/C, +915G/C) was associated with disease recurrenceассоциировался с рецидивом заболевания. |