IoT-based smart e-waste management is an emerging field that combines technology and environmental sustainability. E-waste is a growing problem worldwide, as discarded electronics can have negative impacts on the environment and public health. E-waste refers to repudiated electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones and other electronic equipment, that are at the verge of their efficacious use.
Author and Year | Study Description | Limitations | Method Adopted | |||||||
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Bošnjaković et al. (2022) [13] | Bošnjaković et al. (2022) [11] | Technological and ecological dimensions of converting plastic waste into bio-fuel. | Sorting plastic from e-waste and the cloud; IoT use was not mentioned. | Pyrolysis to turn plastic waste into bio-fuel. | ||||||
Devi et al. (2021) [9] | Devi et al. (2021) [7] | ] | [Emphasis on generating bio-fuels from plastic waste. | 17No discussion on IoT, the cloud, e-waste collection, or plastic-to-bio fuel conversion. | ]Process of proselytizing plastic waste into diesel fuel. | |||||
Limited applicability may impact its practicality in different waste management contexts. | An IoT and fuzzy inference system with a genetic algorithm to create a waste disposal system | Enhanced waste management efficiency, cost reduction, and resource optimization | Reliability, accuracy, privacy, and security | The integration of additional advanced technologies, scalability, and interoperability | Shamsudin et al. (2022) [10] | Shamsudin et al. (2022) [8] | IoT-based monitoring system using microcontrollers and sensors. | No discussion regarding the next steps after e-waste collection. | ||
[20 | IoT-based project with microcontrollers and sensors. | |||||||||
] | [18] | Foul odors emanating from the bins and the manual control of the dustbins can restrict mobility and flexibility in waste collection. | Uses sensors for gesture detection and garbage level monitoring, enabling automatic bin operation and timely emptying through an IoT web interface | The automated waste management system reduces labor costs and enables the timely disposal of garbage to the correct location. | The system relies on the accuracy and reliability of the sensors to detect the garbage levels. False readings could impact the efficiency. | Bansod et al. (2022) [12] | Bansod et al. (2022) [10] | IoT-based system to detect e-waste. | Yet to implement a plan for utilizing the collected waste. | Monitoring garbage levels and communicating them through a GSM system. |
Balakrishnan et al. (2015) [14] | Balakrishnan et al. (2015) [12] | Investigate the formation of bio-fuels from plastic scrap. | Generating bio-fuels; the methods for plastic collection are missing. | Pyrolysis to convert plastics to bio-fuels. | ||||||
M H, Dinesh. (2020) [15] | M H, Dinesh. (2020) [13] | Generate bio-oil using pyrolysis. | No mention of collecting plastic from e-waste or another place. | Thermal pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis. | ||||||
kazi Shawpnil et al. (2023) [16] | kazi Shawpnil et al. (2023) [14] | QFD study conducted; combined efficient e-waste management methods. | No mention of the cloud, pyrolysis, bio-char, bio-fuel, or solar batteries. | Physical recycling for metallic parts, the biological method of mycoremediation, phytoremediation. | ||||||
Abdullah Al Mamun et al. (2023) [17] | Abdullah Al Mamun et al. (2023) [15] | YOLOv5 to separate e-waste. | Pyrolysis, bio-char, bio-fuel, and solar batteries were not mentioned. | Pixy camera to recognize e-waste. |
Reference Paper | Limitations | Method Adopted | Benefits | Risk | Future Work | |
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[18] | [16] | Focuses on data collection and monitoring without data analysis for process optimization. | Bins with ultrasonic sensors measure garbage levels, send data to a server via Wi-Fi, and optimize collection routes using SMS. | Direct message sending reduces the costs and maintenance for the embedded bins, enhancing independence and transparency. | The reliance on Wi-Fi and server stability poses a risk of data loss and potential failure in communication. | Incorporating a database and utilizing data analytics to optimize waste management processes and improve efficiency |
[19 | ||||||
The system contributes to waste reduction, resource conservation, and sustainable waste management by handling both metal and non-metal waste. | ||||||
[21] | [19] | Alerts cleaners based on threshold parameters but does not differentiate the recycling of e-waste | A sensor-based device detects and monitors the garbage status and sends notifications to cleaners when thresholds are exceeded. | The notification system eliminates the need for continuous monitoring, as it alerts the cleaner when the dustbin requires cleaning. | The device might get damaged while using the dustbin as it is set in quite an unprotected manner. | An Android app will be developed for this in future and a better algorithm will be implemented here. |
[22] | [20] | The limited waste registration and complex interface may impede tracking and user adoption in the application. | E-waste registration, QR code tracking, and Google API integration enable effective monitoring and proper disposal. | The stakeholders can track e-waste and its location effectively through unique identification, facilitating easy monitoring. | The only risk is the security issue as the users are giving certain mobile access via this application. | Create a sustainable system with robotics and blockchain for enhanced security and tracking capabilities. |