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Liu, R. TAZ Gene. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4731 (accessed on 24 April 2024).
Liu R. TAZ Gene. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4731. Accessed April 24, 2024.
Liu, Rui. "TAZ Gene" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4731 (accessed April 24, 2024).
Liu, R. (2020, December 24). TAZ Gene. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/4731
Liu, Rui. "TAZ Gene." Encyclopedia. Web. 24 December, 2020.
TAZ Gene
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This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/taz

Tafazzin: The TAZ gene provides instructions for producing a protein called tafazzin.

genes

1. Normal Function

The TAZ gene provides instructions for producing a protein called tafazzin. Several different versions (isoforms) of the tafazzin protein are produced from the TAZ gene. Most isoforms are found in all tissues, but some are found only in certain types of cells. Tafazzin is located in structures called mitochondria, which are the energy-producing centers of cells. Tafazzin is involved in altering a fat (lipid) called cardiolipin, which plays critical roles in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Tafazzin adds a fatty acid called linoleic acid to the cardiolipin molecule, which enables cardiolipin to perform its functions. Cardiolipin is necessary for maintaining mitochondrial shape, energy production, and protein transport within cells.

2. Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes

2.1. Barth syndrome

More than 160 mutations in the TAZ gene have been found to cause Barth syndrome. This rare condition occurs almost exclusively in males and is characterized by an enlarged and weakened heart (dilated cardiomyopathy), muscle weakness, recurrent infections, and short stature. TAZ gene mutations that cause Barth syndrome result in the production of tafazzin proteins with little or no function. As a result, linoleic acid is not added to cardiolipin, which causes problems with normal mitochondrial shape and functions such as energy production and protein transport. Tissues with high energy demands, such as the heart and other muscles, are most susceptible to cell death due to reduced energy production in mitochondria. Additionally, affected white blood cells have abnormally shaped mitochondria, which could impair their ability to grow (proliferate) and mature (differentiate), leading to a weakened immune system and recurrent infections. Dysfunctional mitochondria likely lead to other signs and symptoms of Barth syndrome.

 

2.2. Other disorders

Some mutations in the TAZ gene cause dilated cardiomyopathy without the other features of Barth syndrome (described above). Dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the heart becomes weakened and enlarged and cannot pump blood efficiently, often resulting in heart failure. The decreased blood flow can lead to swelling in the legs and abdomen, fluid in the lungs, and an increased risk of blood clots.

Mutations in the TAZ gene can also cause a heart condition called isolated noncompaction of left ventricular myocardium (INVM). This condition occurs when the lower left chamber of the heart (left ventricle) does not develop correctly. In INVM, the heart muscle is weakened and cannot pump blood efficiently. Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) can also occur. INVM frequently causes heart failure.

Familial dilated cardiomyopathy

Left ventricular noncompaction

3. Other Names for This Gene

  • BTHS

  • CMD3A

  • EFE

  • EFE2

  • G4.5

  • LVNCX

  • tafazzin (cardiomyopathy, dilated 3A (X-linked); endocardial fibroelastosis 2; Barth syndrome)

  • TAZ_HUMAN

  • XAP-2

References

  1. Aprikyan AA, Khuchua Z. Advances in the understanding of Barth syndrome. Br J Haematol. 2013 May;161(3):330-8. doi: 10.1111/bjh.12271.Review.
  2. Barth PG, Valianpour F, Bowen VM, Lam J, Duran M, Vaz FM, Wanders RJ. X-linkedcardioskeletal myopathy and neutropenia (Barth syndrome): an update. Am J MedGenet A. 2004 May 1;126A(4):349-54. Review.
  3. Bione S, D'Adamo P, Maestrini E, Gedeon AK, Bolhuis PA, Toniolo D. A novelX-linked gene, G4.5. is responsible for Barth syndrome. Nat Genet. 1996Apr;12(4):385-9.
  4. Gonzalez IL. Barth syndrome: TAZ gene mutations, mRNAs, and evolution. Am JMed Genet A. 2005 May 1;134(4):409-14.
  5. Hong JH, Hwang ES, McManus MT, Amsterdam A, Tian Y, Kalmukova R, Mueller E,Benjamin T, Spiegelman BM, Sharp PA, Hopkins N, Yaffe MB. TAZ, a transcriptional modulator of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Science. 2005 Aug12;309(5737):1074-8.
  6. Houtkooper RH, Turkenburg M, Poll-The BT, Karall D, Pérez-Cerdá C, Morrone A, Malvagia S, Wanders RJ, Kulik W, Vaz FM. The enigmatic role of tafazzin incardiolipin metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Oct;1788(10):2003-14. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.07.009.
  7. Kirwin SM, Manolakos A, Barnett SS, Gonzalez IL. Tafazzin splice variants and mutations in Barth syndrome. Mol Genet Metab. 2014 Jan;111(1):26-32. doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.11.006.
  8. Lu B, Kelher MR, Lee DP, Lewin TM, Coleman RA, Choy PC, Hatch GM. Complexexpression pattern of the Barth syndrome gene product tafazzin in human celllines and murine tissues. Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;82(5):569-76.
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Subjects: Genetics & Heredity
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Rui Liu
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Entry Collection: MedlinePlus
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Update Date: 24 Dec 2020
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