Congenital Contractural Arachnodactyly

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This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-contractural-arachnodactyly

Congenital contractural arachnodactyly is a disorder that affects many parts of the body.

genetic conditions

1. Introduction

People with this condition typically are tall with long limbs (dolichostenomelia) and long, slender fingers and toes (arachnodactyly). They often have permanently bent joints (contractures) that can restrict movement in their hips, knees, ankles, or elbows. Additional features of congenital contractural arachnodactyly include underdeveloped muscles, a rounded upper back that also curves to the side (kyphoscoliosis), permanently bent fingers and toes (camptodactyly), ears that look "crumpled," and a protruding chest (pectus carinatum). Rarely, people with congenital contractural arachnodactyly have heart defects such as an enlargement of the blood vessel that distributes blood from the heart to the rest of the body (aortic root dilatation) or a leak in one of the valves that control blood flow through the heart (mitral valve prolapse). The life expectancy of individuals with congenital contractural arachnodactyly varies depending on the severity of symptoms but is typically not shortened.

A rare, severe form of congenital contractural arachnodactyly involves both heart and digestive system abnormalities in addition to the skeletal features described above; individuals with this severe form of the condition usually do not live past infancy.

2. Frequency

The prevalence of congenital contractural arachnodactyly is estimated to be less than 1 in 10,000 worldwide.

3. Causes

Mutations in the FBN2 gene cause congenital contractural arachnodactyly. The FBN2 gene provides instructions for producing the fibrillin-2 protein. Fibrillin-2 binds to other proteins and molecules to form threadlike filaments called microfibrils. Microfibrils become part of the fibers that provide strength and flexibility to connective tissue that supports the body's joints and organs. Additionally, microfibrils regulate the activity of molecules called growth factors. Growth factors enable the growth and repair of tissues throughout the body.

Mutations in the FBN2 gene can decrease fibrillin-2 production or result in the production of a protein with impaired function. As a result, microfibril formation is reduced, which probably weakens the structure of connective tissue and disrupts regulation of growth factor activity. The resulting abnormalities of connective tissue underlie the signs and symptoms of congenital contractural arachnodactyly.

4. Inheritance

This condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder.

5. Other Names for This Condition

arthrogyroposis, distal, type 9
Beals syndrome
Beals-Hecht syndrome
CCA
contractural arachnodactyly, congenital
DA9
distal arthrogyropsis type 9

References

Callewaert BL, Loeys BL, Ficcadenti A, Vermeer S, Landgren M, Kroes HY, Yaron Y, Pope M, Foulds N, Boute O, Galán F, Kingston H, Van der Aa N, Salcedo I,Swinkels ME, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Gabrielli O, De Backer J, Coucke PJ, De PaepeAM. Comprehensive clinical and molecular assessment of 32 probands withcongenital contractural arachnodactyly: report of 14 novel mutations and reviewof the literature. Hum Mutat. 2009 Mar;30(3):334-41. doi: 10.1002/humu.20854.Review.
Gupta PA, Putnam EA, Carmical SG, Kaitila I, Steinmann B, Child A, Danesino C,Metcalfe K, Berry SA, Chen E, Delorme CV, Thong MK, Adès LC, Milewicz DM. Tennovel FBN2 mutations in congenital contractural arachnodactyly: delineation ofthe molecular pathogenesis and clinical phenotype. Hum Mutat. 2002Jan;19(1):39-48.
Gupta PA, Wallis DD, Chin TO, Northrup H, Tran-Fadulu VT, Towbin JA, Milewicz DM. FBN2 mutation associated with manifestations of Marfan syndrome andcongenital contractural arachnodactyly. J Med Genet. 2004 May;41(5):e56.
Nishimura A, Sakai H, Ikegawa S, Kitoh H, Haga N, Ishikiriyama S, Nagai T,Takada F, Ohata T, Tanaka F, Kamasaki H, Saitsu H, Mizuguchi T, Matsumoto N.FBN2, FBN1, TGFBR1, and TGFBR2 analyses in congenital contracturalarachnodactyly. Am J Med Genet A. 2007 Apr 1;143A(7):694-8.
Tunçbilek E, Alanay Y. Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (Bealssyndrome). Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2006 Jun 1;1:20. Review.

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Subjects: Genetics & Heredity

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Nicole Yin

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Entry Collection: MedlinePlus

Update Date: 24 Dec 2020

Table of Contents

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1. Introduction

2. Frequency

3. Causes

4. Inheritance

5. Other Names for This Condition

References

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1. Introduction

2. Frequency

3. Causes

3.1. The Gene Associated with Congenital Contractural Arachnodactyly

4. Inheritance

5. Other Names for This Condition

References