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1 The effect of D-ribose supplementation on press-up performance in Caucasian males with AMPD1 deficiency variants. + 858 word(s) 858 2020-05-07 15:28:39 |
2 format change -5 word(s) 853 2020-10-29 05:04:05 | |
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Collins, C. D-ribose Supplementation in Caucasian Males. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/759 (accessed on 28 March 2024).
Collins C. D-ribose Supplementation in Caucasian Males. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/759. Accessed March 28, 2024.
Collins, Christopher. "D-ribose Supplementation in Caucasian Males" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/759 (accessed March 28, 2024).
Collins, C. (2020, May 07). D-ribose Supplementation in Caucasian Males. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/759
Collins, Christopher. "D-ribose Supplementation in Caucasian Males." Encyclopedia. Web. 07 May, 2020.
D-ribose Supplementation in Caucasian Males
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Mutations that occur within the AMPD1 gene are one of the most common defects detected in the Caucasian population with a likelihood of having the mutations as 1-2%. Several studies indicate that certain variants can cause fatigue, muscle weakness and muscular cramps, however some even with these variants remain asymptomatic. Some studies have shown that oral dosages of ribose can alleviate symptoms and can improve exercise performance in those with AMPD1 deficiency, ribose may provide a direct source of energy for cells. The aim of this preliminary study was to see if oral supplementary ribose can improve the performance of a 3 minute press-up test that is aimed to test muscle stamina and muscle fatigue in healthy Caucasian males against a control of healthy Caucasian males. The results show that having a T in rs17602729 may affect press-up performance in a 3 minute test and that supplemental ribose may improve performance, however the following results need to be correlated with current literature in the area and the conclusions are still debatable. 

AMPD1 Muhdo DNA ribose D-ribose nutrition genetics exercise performance

1. Introduction

Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 (AMPD1) plays a vital role in the purine nucleotide cycle, the gene encodes an enzyme of the same name. The enzyme coverts adenosine monophosphate to inosine monophosphate which frees an ammonia molecule during the process. Mutations that occur within the AMPD1 gene are one of the most common defects detected in the Caucasian population with a likelihood of having the mutations as 1-2%[1]. Several studies indicate that certain variants can cause fatigue, muscle weakness and muscular cramps [2] [3], however some even with these variants remain asymptomatic.

The disorder caused by mutations is known as adenosine monophosphate deaminase deficiency type 1 (AMPD1 deficiency) or myoadenylate deaminase deficiency (MADD). The most common symptoms of AMPD1 deficiency are:

  1. Exercise intolerance – symptoms of fatigue and fast onset weakness on the commencement of exertion or prolonged exertion.
  2. Fatigue – general fatigue is poorly understood and may have multiple pathways, however a surplus of adenosine reduces alertness [4].
  3. Muscle cramping – this is may be due to an increased lactate [5].

Those who have AMPD1 deficiency should maintain fitness levels for general health but also maintain the strength of muscles to keep proper function. Some studies have shown that oral dosages of ribose can alleviate symptoms and can improve exercise performance in those with AMPD1 deficiency, ribose may provide a direct source of energy for cells [6].

*This is a preliminary search for correlations to allow for further study.

2. Aim & Methods

The aim of this preliminary study was to see if oral supplementary ribose can improve the performance of a 3 minute press-up test that is aimed to test muscle stamina and muscle fatigue in healthy Caucasian males (n= 55, 28-35y/o) against a control of healthy Caucasian males (n=14, 28-35y/o) whilst analysing the variants in rs17602729 (AMPD1). Two press-up tests done a week apart were conducted with participants taking 10g of oral ribose daily split into 2 5g doses, before the second press-up test 10g as the single dosage of that day was taken 30minutes prior to the test. The control group participants had no supplementary nutrition.

The results show that 24 in the non-control group and 4 in the control group had CC (fwd/fwd) in rs17602729, 15 in the non-control group and 5 in the control group had CT (fwd/fwd) in rs17602729, 15 in the non-control group and 5 in the control group had TT (fwd/fwd) in rs17602729. The pre-test press-up and post-test press-up results are in the tables below:

rs17602729 fwd/fwd D-Ribose group

Press-up max in 3 minutes pre

Press-up max in 3 minutes post 7 day rest + D-ribose

CC

72

73

CC

91

91

CC

88

86

CC

75

78

CC

79

82

CC

101

99

CC

88

92

CC

110

108

CC

92

83

CC

94

96

CC

96

98

CC

88

90

CC

73

75

CC

80

79

CC

91

89

CC

87

90

CC

94

100

CC

99

101

CC

101

105

CC

110

101

CC

62

72

CC

73

75

CC

90

88

CC

91

93

CT

100

101

CT

98

105

CT

88

92

CT

85

91

CT

93

96

CT

95

95

CT

92

101

CT

100

103

CT

75

78

CT

62

71

CT

90

93

CT

82

84

CT

68

72

CT

72

78

CT

69

78

TT

89

98

TT

71

89

TT

65

75

TT

58

69

TT

71

79

TT

69

72

TT

70

70

TT

81

92

TT

83

92

TT

71

84

TT

74

80

TT

72

75

TT

79

88

TT

68

75

TT

63

79

Table 1. Non-control group results.

rs17602729 fwd/fwd control

Press-up max in 3 minutes pre

Press-up max in 3 minutes post 7 day rest

CC

88

89

CC

89

88

CC

91

90

CC

74

74

CT

78

77

CT

88

86

CT

86

89

CT

84

85

CT

71

73

TT

68

70

TT

73

70

TT

82

81

TT

71

70

TT

67

66

Table 2. Control group results.

Average

pre

post

rs17602729 CC

88.5

89.3

rs17602729 CT

84.6

89.2

rs17602729 TT

72.2

81.1

rs17602729 CONTROL CC

85.5

85.25

rs17602729 CONTROL CT

81.4

82

rs17602729 CONTROL TT

72.4

71.4

Table 3. Average results.

From the results we can see that in all 3 outcome control groups there was no significant change in press-up results. Within the d-ribose group that had CC there was no significant difference is scores, within the CT group there was a difference of + 4 press-ups on average however the significance of this is debatable, for the TT group there was a difference of +9 reps which is a significant difference which is unlikely to come down to placebo affect alone.

Graph 1. Average results. 

The results show that having a T in rs17602729 may affect press-up performance in a 3 minute test and that supplemental ribose may improve performance, however the following results need to be correlated with current literature in the area, with further analysis including larger subject numbers. Whilst there is a significant difference between groups the exact cause is debatable with other factors requiring consideration.

References

  1. Adenosine monophosphate deaminase deficiency . Genetics Home Reference. Retrieved 2020-5-7
  2. Christopher Collins; Resistance Training, Recovery and Genetics: AMPD1 the Gene for Recovery. Journal of Athletic Enhancement 2017, 6, 1, 10.4172/2324-9080.1000256.
  3. Xinhui Li; Carsten Bantel; Dawn Conklin; Steven R. Childers; James C. Eisenach; Repeated dosing with oral allosteric modulator of adenosine A1 receptor produces tolerance in rats with neuropathic pain.. Anesthesiology 2004, 100, 956-961, 10.1097/00000542-200404000-00028.
  4. Hiroko Morisaki; Takayuki Morisaki; [AMPD genes and urate metabolism].. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine 2008, 66, 771-7.
  5. Ronnie Blazev; Graham D. Lamb; Adenosine inhibits depolarization-induced Ca(2+) release in mammalian skeletal muscle.. Muscle & Nerve 1999, 22, 1674-1683, 10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199912)22:12<1674::aid-mus9>3.0.co;2-0.
  6. N Zöllner; S Reiter; M Gross; D Pongratz; C D Reimers; K Gerbitz; I Paetzke; T Deufel; G Hübner; Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency: successful symptomatic therapy by high dose oral administration of ribose.. Klinische Wochenschrift 1986, 64, 1281-91.
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