Submitted Successfully!
To reward your contribution, here is a gift for you: A free trial for our video production service.
Thank you for your contribution! You can also upload a video entry or images related to this topic.
Version Summary Created by Modification Content Size Created at Operation
1 + 655 word(s) 655 2020-12-15 07:39:11 |
2 format correct -14 word(s) 641 2020-12-23 03:40:50 | |
3 format correct + 11 word(s) 652 2020-12-23 07:16:03 |

Video Upload Options

Do you have a full video?

Confirm

Are you sure to Delete?
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
Ren, B. Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/3906 (accessed on 29 March 2024).
Ren B. Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/3906. Accessed March 29, 2024.
Ren, Bruce. "Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/3906 (accessed March 29, 2024).
Ren, B. (2020, December 23). Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/3906
Ren, Bruce. "Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine." Encyclopedia. Web. 23 December, 2020.
Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine
Edit

Sporadic hemiplegic migraine is a rare form of migraine headache. Migraines typically cause intense, throbbing pain in one area of the head. Some people with migraines also experience nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. These recurrent headaches typically begin in childhood or adolescence and can be triggered by certain foods, emotional stress, and minor head trauma. Each headache may last from a few hours to a few days.

genetic conditions

1. Introduction

In sporadic hemiplegic migraine and some other types of migraine, a pattern of neurological symptoms called an aura occurs before onset of the headache. An aura commonly includes temporary visual changes such as blind spots (scotomas), flashing lights, zig-zagging lines, and double vision. In people with sporadic hemiplegic migraine, auras are also characterized by temporary numbness or weakness, often affecting one side of the body (hemiparesis). Additional features of an aura can include difficulty with speech, confusion, and drowsiness. An aura typically develops gradually over a few minutes and lasts about an hour.

Some people with sporadic hemiplegic migraine experience unusually severe migraine episodes. These episodes can include fever, prolonged weakness, seizures, and coma. Although most people with sporadic hemiplegic migraine recover completely between episodes, neurological symptoms such as memory loss and problems with attention can last for weeks or months. Some affected individuals develop mild but permanent difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia), which may worsen with time, and rapid, involuntary eye movements called nystagmus. Mild to severe intellectual disability has been reported in some people with sporadic hemiplegic migraine.

2. Frequency

The worldwide prevalence of sporadic hemiplegic migraine is unknown. Studies suggest that in Denmark about 1 in 10,000 people have hemiplegic migraine and that the condition occurs equally in families with multiple affected individuals (familial hemiplegic migraine) and in individuals with no family history of the condition (sporadic hemiplegic migraine).

3. Causes

Mutations in the ATP1A2 and CACNA1A genes have been found to cause sporadic hemiplegic migraine. The proteins produced from these genes transport charged atoms (ions) across cell membranes. The movement of these ions is critical for normal signaling between nerve cells (neurons) in the brain and other parts of the nervous system. Signaling between neurons relies on chemicals called neurotransmitters, which are released from one neuron and taken up by neighboring neurons. Mutations in the ATP1A2 and CACNA1A genes disrupt the transport of ions in neurons, which is thought to impair the normal release and uptake of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. The resulting abnormal signaling may lead to the severe headaches and auras characteristic of sporadic hemiplegic migraine.

Many people with sporadic hemiplegic migraine do not have a mutation in one of the known genes. Researchers believe that mutations in other genes are also involved in the condition, although these genes have not been identified.

There is little evidence that mutations in the CACNA1A and ATP1A2 genes play a role in common migraines, which affect millions of people each year. Researchers are searching for additional genetic changes that may underlie rare types of migraine, such as sporadic hemiplegic migraine, as well as the more common forms of migraine.

3.1 The genes associated with Sporadic hemiplegic migraine

4. Inheritance

Sporadic means that the condition occurs in individuals with no history of the disorder in their family. While most cases result from new (de novo) mutations that likely occur during early embryonic development, some affected individuals inherit the genetic change that causes the condition from an unaffected parent. (When some people with the mutation have no signs and symptoms of the disorder, the condition is said to have reduced penetrance.) Although family members of an affected individual do not have sporadic hemiplegic migraine, some experience migraine headaches without hemiparesis. A related condition, familial hemiplegic migraine, has signs and symptoms identical to those in sporadic hemiplegic migraine but occurs in multiple members of a family.

5. Other Names for This Condition

  • non-familial hemiplegic migraine
  • SHM

References

  1. de Vries B, Freilinger T, Vanmolkot KR, Koenderink JB, Stam AH, Terwindt GM,Babini E, van den Boogerd EH, van den Heuvel JJ, Frants RR, Haan J, Pusch M, van den Maagdenberg AM, Ferrari MD, Dichgans M. Systematic analysis of three FHMgenes in 39 sporadic patients with hemiplegic migraine. Neurology. 2007 Dec4;69(23):2170-6.
  2. Eikermann-Haerter K, Negro A, Ayata C. Spreading depression and the clinicalcorrelates of migraine. Rev Neurosci. 2013;24(4):353-63. doi:10.1515/revneuro-2013-0005. Review.
  3. Gallanti A, Cardin V, Tonelli A, Bussone G, Bresolin N, Mariani C, Bassi MT.The genetic features of 24 patients affected by familial and sporadic hemiplegic migraine. Neurol Sci. 2011 May;32 Suppl 1:S141-2. doi: 10.1007/s10072-011-0517-4.
  4. Ramagopalan SV, Ramscar NE, Cader MZ. Molecular mechanisms of migraine? JNeurol. 2007 Dec;254(12):1629-35.
  5. Riant F, Ducros A, Ploton C, Barbance C, Depienne C, Tournier-Lasserve E. Denovo mutations in ATP1A2 and CACNA1A are frequent in early-onset sporadichemiplegic migraine. Neurology. 2010 Sep 14;75(11):967-72. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f25e8f.
  6. Thomsen LL, Oestergaard E, Bjornsson A, Stefansson H, Fasquel AC, Gulcher J,Stefansson K, Olesen J. Screen for CACNA1A and ATP1A2 mutations in sporadichemiplegic migraine patients. Cephalalgia. 2008 Sep;28(9):914-21. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01599.x.
  7. van den Maagdenberg AM, Haan J, Terwindt GM, Ferrari MD. Migraine: genemutations and functional consequences. Curr Opin Neurol. 2007 Jun;20(3):299-305. Review.
  8. Weigand KM, Swarts HG, Russel FG, Koenderink JB. Biochemical characterization of sporadic/familial hemiplegic migraine mutations. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014Jul;1838(7):1693-700. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.03.022.
More
Information
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
View Times: 387
Entry Collection: MedlinePlus
Revisions: 3 times (View History)
Update Date: 23 Dec 2020
1000/1000