Submitted Successfully!
To reward your contribution, here is a gift for you: A free trial for our video production service.
Thank you for your contribution! You can also upload a video entry or images related to this topic.
Version Summary Created by Modification Content Size Created at Operation
1
Rita Xu
 + 520 word(s) 520 2020-12-15 07:35:34

Video Upload Options

Do you have a full video?
Send video materials Upload full video

Confirm

Are you sure to Delete?
Yes No
Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
Xu, R. Potocki-Shaffer Syndrome. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/5420 (accessed on 20 April 2024).
Xu R. Potocki-Shaffer Syndrome. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/5420. Accessed April 20, 2024.
Xu, Rita. "Potocki-Shaffer Syndrome" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/5420 (accessed April 20, 2024).
Xu, R. (2020, December 24). Potocki-Shaffer Syndrome. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/5420
Xu, Rita. "Potocki-Shaffer Syndrome." Encyclopedia. Web. 24 December, 2020.
Potocki-Shaffer Syndrome
Edit
This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/potocki-shaffer-syndrome

Potocki-Shaffer syndrome is a disorder that affects development of the bones, nerve cells in the brain, and other tissues.

genetic conditions

1. Introduction

Most people with this condition have multiple noncancerous (benign) bone tumors called osteochondromas. In rare instances, these tumors become cancerous. People with Potocki-Shaffer syndrome also have enlarged openings in the two bones that make up much of the top and sides of the skull (enlarged parietal foramina). These abnormal openings form extra "soft spots" on the head, in addition to the two that newborns normally have. Unlike the usual newborn soft spots, the enlarged parietal foramina remain open throughout life.

The signs and symptoms of Potocki-Shaffer syndrome vary widely. In addition to multiple osteochondromas and enlarged parietal foramina, affected individuals often have intellectual disability and delayed development of speech, motor skills (such as sitting and walking), and social skills. Many people with this condition have distinctive facial features, which can include a wide, short skull (brachycephaly); a prominent forehead; a narrow bridge of the nose; a shortened distance between the nose and upper lip (a short philtrum); and a downturned mouth. Less commonly, Potocki-Shaffer syndrome causes vision problems, additional skeletal abnormalities, and defects in the heart, kidneys, and urinary tract.

2. Frequency

Potocki-Shaffer syndrome is a rare condition, although its prevalence is unknown. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported in the scientific literature.

3. Causes

Potocki-Shaffer syndrome (also known as proximal 11p deletion syndrome) is caused by a deletion of genetic material from the short (p) arm of chromosome 11 at a position designated 11p11.2. The size of the deletion varies among affected individuals. Studies suggest that the full spectrum of features is caused by a deletion of at least 2.1 million DNA building blocks (base pairs), also written as 2.1 megabases (Mb). The loss of multiple genes within the deleted region causes the varied signs and symptoms of Potocki-Shaffer syndrome.

In particular, deletion of the EXT2, ALX4, and PHF21A genes are associated with several of the characteristic features of Potocki-Shaffer syndrome. Research shows that loss of the EXT2 gene is associated with the development of multiple osteochondromas in affected individuals. Deletion of another gene, ALX4, causes the enlarged parietal foramina found in people with this condition. In addition, loss of the PHF21A gene is the cause of intellectual disability and distinctive facial features in many people with the condition. The loss of additional genes in the deleted region likely contributes to the other features of Potocki-Shaffer syndrome.

The Genes and Chromosome Associated with Potocki-Shaffer Syndrome

  • ALX4
  • EXT2
  • PHF21A
  • chromosome 11

4. Inheritance

Potocki-Shaffer syndrome follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, which means a deletion of genetic material from one copy of chromosome 11 is sufficient to cause the disorder. In some cases, an affected person inherits the chromosome with a deleted segment from an affected parent. More commonly, the condition results from a deletion that occurs during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm) in a parent or in early fetal development. These cases occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family.

5. Other Names for This Condition

  • chromosome 11p11.2 deletion syndrome
  • P11pDS
  • proximal 11p deletion syndrome

References

  1. Hall CR, Wu Y, Shaffer LG, Hecht JT. Familial case of Potocki-Shaffer syndromeassociated with microdeletion of EXT2 and ALX4. Clin Genet. 2001 Nov;60(5):356-9.
  2. Kim HG, Kim HT, Leach NT, Lan F, Ullmann R, Silahtaroglu A, Kurth I, Nowka A, Seong IS, Shen Y, Talkowski ME, Ruderfer D, Lee JH, Glotzbach C, Ha K, KjaergaardS, Levin AV, Romeike BF, Kleefstra T, Bartsch O, Elsea SH, Jabs EW, MacDonald ME,Harris DJ, Quade BJ, Ropers HH, Shaffer LG, Kutsche K, Layman LC, Tommerup N,Kalscheuer VM, Shi Y, Morton CC, Kim CH, Gusella JF. Translocations disruptingPHF21A in the Potocki-Shaffer-syndrome region are associated with intellectualdisability and craniofacial anomalies. Am J Hum Genet. 2012 Jul 13;91(1):56-72.doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.05.005.
  3. Montgomery ND, Turcott CM, Tepperberg JH, McDonald MT, Aylsworth AS. A 137-kb deletion within the Potocki-Shaffer syndrome interval on chromosome 11p11.2associated with developmental delay and hypotonia. Am J Med Genet A. 2013Jan;161A(1):198-202. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35671.
  4. Romeike BF, Wuyts W. Proximal chromosome 11p contiguous gene deletion syndromephenotype: case report and review of the literature. Clin Neuropathol. 2007Jan-Feb;26(1):1-11. Review.
  5. Swarr DT, Bloom D, Lewis RA, Elenberg E, Friedman EM, Glotzbach C, Wissman SD,Shaffer LG, Potocki L. Potocki-Shaffer syndrome: comprehensive clinicalassessment, review of the literature, and proposals for medical management. Am J Med Genet A. 2010 Mar;152A(3):565-72. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33245. Review.
  6. Wakui K, Gregato G, Ballif BC, Glotzbach CD, Bailey KA, Kuo PL, Sue WC,Sheffield LJ, Irons M, Gomez EG, Hecht JT, Potocki L, Shaffer LG. Construction ofa natural panel of 11p11.2 deletions and further delineation of the criticalregion involved in Potocki-Shaffer syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet. 2005May;13(5):528-40.
  7. Wuyts W, Waeber G, Meinecke P, Schüler H, Goecke TO, Van Hul W, Bartsch O.Proximal 11p deletion syndrome (P11pDS): additional evaluation of the clinicaland molecular aspects. Eur J Hum Genet. 2004 May;12(5):400-6. Review.
More
©Text is available under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons-Attribution ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) license; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy.
Upload a video for this entry
Information
Subjects: Genetics & Heredity
Contributor MDPI registered users' name will be linked to their SciProfiles pages. To register with us, please refer to https://encyclopedia.pub/register :
Rita Xu
View Times: 596
Entry Collection: MedlinePlus
Revision: 1 time (View History)
Update Date: 24 Dec 2020
Table of Contents
    1000/1000
    Hot Most Recent
    Feedback