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Tang, N. SADDAN. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/5194 (accessed on 28 March 2024).
Tang N. SADDAN. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/5194. Accessed March 28, 2024.
Tang, Nora. "SADDAN" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/5194 (accessed March 28, 2024).
Tang, N. (2020, December 24). SADDAN. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/5194
Tang, Nora. "SADDAN." Encyclopedia. Web. 24 December, 2020.
SADDAN
Edit

SADDAN (severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans) is a rare disorder of bone growth characterized by skeletal, brain, and skin abnormalities.

genetic conditions

1. Introduction

All people with this condition have extremely short stature with particularly short arms and legs. Other features include unusual bowing of the leg bones; a small chest with short ribs and curved collar bones; short, broad fingers; and folds of extra skin on the arms and legs. Structural abnormalities of the brain cause seizures, profound developmental delay, and intellectual disability. Several affected individuals also have had episodes in which their breathing slows or stops for short periods (apnea). Acanthosis nigricans, a progressive skin disorder characterized by thick, dark, velvety skin, is another characteristic feature of SADDAN that develops in infancy or early childhood.

2. Frequency

This disorder is very rare; it has been described in only a small number of individuals worldwide.

3. Causes

Mutations in the FGFR3 gene cause SADDAN. The FGFR3 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in the development and maintenance of bone and brain tissue. A mutation in this gene may cause the FGFR3 protein to be overly active, which leads to the disturbances in bone growth that are characteristic of this disorder. Researchers have not determined how the mutation disrupts brain development or causes acanthosis nigricans.

4. Inheritance

SADDAN is considered an autosomal dominant disorder because one mutated copy of the FGFR3 gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the condition. The few described cases of SADDAN have been caused by new mutations in the FGFR3 gene and occurred in people with no history of the disorder in their family. No individuals with this disorder are known to have had children; therefore, the disorder has not been passed to the next generation.

5. Other Names for This Condition

  • achondroplasia, severe, with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans

  • SADDAN dysplasia

  • Severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans

  • Skeleton-skin-brain syndrome

  • SSB syndrome

References

  1. Bellus GA, Bamshad MJ, Przylepa KA, Dorst J, Lee RR, Hurko O, Jabs EW, CurryCJ, Wilcox WR, Lachman RS, Rimoin DL, Francomano CA. Severe achondroplasia withdevelopmental delay and acanthosis nigricans (SADDAN): phenotypic analysis of anew skeletal dysplasia caused by a Lys650Met mutation in fibroblast growth factorreceptor 3. Am J Med Genet. 1999 Jul 2;85(1):53-65.
  2. Cohen MM Jr. Some chondrodysplasias with short limbs: molecular perspectives. Am J Med Genet. 2002 Oct 15;112(3):304-13. Review.
  3. Kumar KV, Shaikh A, Sharma R, Prusty P. SADDAN syndrome. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2011;24(9-10):851-2.
  4. Vajo Z, Francomano CA, Wilkin DJ. The molecular and genetic basis offibroblast growth factor receptor 3 disorders: the achondroplasia family ofskeletal dysplasias, Muenke craniosynostosis, and Crouzon syndrome withacanthosis nigricans. Endocr Rev. 2000 Feb;21(1):23-39. Review.
  5. Zankl A, Elakis G, Susman RD, Inglis G, Gardener G, Buckley MF, Roscioli T.Prenatal and postnatal presentation of severe achondroplasia with developmentaldelay and acanthosis nigricans (SADDAN) due to the FGFR3 Lys650Met mutation. Am JMed Genet A. 2008 Jan 15;146A(2):212-8.
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