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Topic Review
Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract on Male Infertility
Moringa oleifera (drumstick tree, horseradish tree, ben-oil tree or kelor tree) is of the family ‘Moringaceae’. In Southern Asia and Middle East Africa, the tree is mainly cultivated for its various nutraceutical and medicinal properties contained in different parts of the tree, such as seeds, roots, flowers, pots and leaves. In vivo and in vitro studies have been conducted to determine the effects of M. oleifera leaves on the male reproductive system.
  • 746
  • 07 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Nrf2 in Neurogenesis and Disease Development
Neurogenesis occurs in the brain during embryonic development and throughout adulthood. Neurogenesis occurs in the hippocampus and under normal conditions and persists in two regions of the brain—the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles. The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is a major regulator of metabolism, protein quality control, and antioxidative defense, and is linked to neurogenesis. 
  • 668
  • 13 Jul 2022
Topic Review
O-GlcNAcylation Regulate Skeletal Muscle
O-GlcNAcylation is a highly dynamic, reversible and atypical glycosylation that regulates the activity, biological function, stability, sublocation and interaction of target proteins. O-GlcNAcylation receives and coordinates different signal inputs as an intracellular integrator similar to the nutrient sensor and stress receptor, which target multiple substrates with spatio-temporal analysis specifically to maintain cellular homeostasis and normal physiological functions.
  • 553
  • 13 Jun 2022
Topic Review
SLC9B2 (NHA2/NHEDC2) in Male Fertility
The SLC9B2 gene encodes the NHA2 protein (also known as NHEDC2). While NHA2 has been shown to be important for regulating various aspects of physiology such as blood pressure, this protein has also been implicated as being important for male fertility in mice. What is known about NHA2 and its potentially important role in male fertility is emphasized.
  • 178
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
SLC9C1 (NHE10/sNHE) in Male Fertility
The SLC9C1 gene encodes the NHE10 protein (also known as sNHE). This protein has been shown to be essential for male fertility in both mice and humans and therefore there has been much interest in studying this protein. What is known about NHE10 and its role in male fertility is highlighted.
  • 160
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Acetic Acid in Ethanol-Induced in Regulating Cardiovascular Function
Acetic acid is a bioactive short-chain fatty acid produced in large quantities from ethanol metabolism. How acetic acid/acetate generates oxidative stress, alters the function of pre-sympathetic neurons, and can potentially influence cardiovascular function in both humans and rodents after ethanol consumption are described. 
  • 83
  • 19 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Acid-Sensing Ion Channels in Glial Cells
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated cation channels and key mediators of responses to neuronal injury. ASICs exhibit unique patterns of distribution in the brain, with high expression in neurons and low expression in glial cells. While there has been a lot of focus on ASIC in neurons, less is known about the roles of ASICs in glial cells. ASIC1a is expressed in astrocytes and might contribute to synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation. In oligodendrocytes, constitutive activation of ASIC1a participates in demyelinating diseases. ASIC1a, ASIC2a, and ASIC3, found in microglial cells, could mediate the inflammatory response. Under pathological conditions, ASIC dysregulation in glial cells can contribute to disease states. For example, activation of astrocytic ASIC1a may worsen neurodegeneration and glioma staging, activation of microglial ASIC1a and ASIC2a may perpetuate ischemia and inflammation, while oligodendrocytic ASIC1a might be involved in multiple sclerosis.
  • 340
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Acute Psychosocial Stress Effects on Food Consumption
The most central physiological stress response is the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which begins with the release of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) from the hypothalamus. The physiological stress response can be dampened by eating, as the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is reduced following consumption of food and the activation of the HPA axis is thereby attenuated.
  • 379
  • 27 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Being of mesodermal origin, ASCs (adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells) can be easily induced to differentiate into chondrocyte-like and osteocyte-like elements and used to repair damaged tissues. Moreover, they can be easily harvested and used for autologous implantation. A plethora of ASC-based strategies are being developed worldwide: they include the transplantation of freshly harvested cells, in vitro expanded cells or predifferentiated cells. Moreover, improving their positive effects, ASCs can be implanted in combination with several types of scaffolds that ensure the correct cell positioning; support cell viability, proliferation and migration; and may contribute to their osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation. Examples of these strategies are described here, showing the enormous therapeutic potential of ASCs in this field. For safety and regulatory issues, most investigations are still at the experimental stage and carried out in vitro and in animal models. Clinical applications have, however, been reported with promising results and no serious adverse effects.
  • 251
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Aging and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Deficiency
Under normal physiological conditions, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) consumption is matched by its synthesis primarily via the salvage pathway catalyzed by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). However, aging and muscular contraction enhance NAD+ utilization, whereas NAD+ replenishment is limited by cellular sources of NAD+ precursors and/or enzyme expression.
  • 331
  • 18 Apr 2022
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