Topic Review
Grid-Forming Inverters
The electrical grid is predominantly characterized by synchronous generators (SGs). These generators provide a consistent voltage and frequency, facilitating the synchronization of VSIs and their connection at the point of common coupling (PCC) for injecting power into the main grid. These inverters operate as current sources and are known as grid-following inverters. The imperfections of grid-following inverters arise when the grid is absent, as this concept fails to produce instantaneous voltage and frequency set points. Therefore, this operating mode has been significantly modified, from following the grid to leading it. This concept is known as grid-forming (GFM) inverters, which can independently set up and keep the voltage and frequency within their nominal ranges without the need for the main grid.
  • 119
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Knowledge Graph for Disassembly of Electric Vehicle Batteries
End-of-life (EoL) electric vehicle (EV) batteries are one of the main fountainheads for recycling rare metal elements like cobalt and lithium. Disassembly is the first step in carrying out a higher level of recycling and processing of EV batteries. EV battery knowledge graphs can provide detailed structural information to assist operators in understanding the layout and composition of batteries. Planning the disassembly sequence using knowledge graphs can facilitate the robotic disassembly of EV batteries.
  • 101
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Autonomous Vehicle Localization
In a vehicle, wheel speed sensors and inertial measurement units (IMUs) are present onboard, and their raw data can be used for localization estimation. Both wheel sensors and IMUs encounter challenges such as bias and measurement noise, which accumulate as errors over time. Even a slight inaccuracy or minor error can render the localization system unreliable and unusable in a matter of seconds. Traditional algorithms, such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF), have been applied for a long time in non-linear systems. These systems have white noise in both the system and in the estimation model. These approaches require deep knowledge of the non-linear noise characteristics of the sensors. On the other hand, as a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), neural network-based (NN) algorithms do not necessarily have these strict requirements.
  • 72
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Microwave Resonators for Wearable Sensors Design
The field of flexible electronics is undergoing an exponential evolution due to the demand of the industry for wearable devices, wireless communication devices and networks, healthcare sensing devices and the technology around the Internet of Things (IoT) framework. E-textiles are attracting attention within the healthcare areas, amongst others, for providing the possibility of developing continuous patient monitoring solutions and customized devices to accommodate each patient’s specific needs. 
  • 92
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Domain Adaptation in Computer and Robotic Vision
Domain adaptation methods play a pivotal role in facilitating seamless knowledge transfer and enhancing the generalization capabilities of computer and robotic vision systems. Domain adaptation techniques play a pivotal role in addressing the domain shift problem encountered in computer and robotic vision. These methods are designed to improve the generalization skills of vision models, enabling them to function well in situations outside the scope of their training data. 
  • 84
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Contactless Identification Card Immunity against a Current Pulse
Contactless identification cards based on RFID technology are currently an integral part of many human activities in industry, transport, trade, etc. The most used cards are contactless cards operating at 13.56 MHz, according to the ISO/IEC 14443 standard, and using some version of the NXP Mifare chip.
  • 121
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Distributed Intelligent Battery Management System
For real-world applications, battery management systems (BMSs) can be used in the form of distributed control systems where general controllers, charge regulators, and smart monitors and sensors are integrated, such as those proposed in this work, which allow more precise estimations of a large set of important parameters, such as the state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), current, voltage, and temperature, seeking the safety and the extension of the useful life of energy storage systems based on battery banks. 
  • 73
  • 15 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Constrained Inverse Kinematics of Minimally Invasive Surgical Robots
Minimally invasive surgery has undergone significant advancements, transforming various surgical procedures by minimizing patient trauma, postoperative pain, and recovery time. However, the use of robotic systems in minimally invasive surgery introduces significant challenges related to the control of the robot’s motion and the accuracy of its movements. In particular, the inverse kinematics (IK) problem is critical for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS), where satisfying the remote center of motion (RCM) constraint is essential to prevent tissue damage at the incision point. 
  • 71
  • 14 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Human-Hand-like Grippers
Robotics has gained substantial popularity and holds the potential to facilitate a myriad of remarkable tasks. Manipulation, which plays a pivotal role in the realm of robotics, constitutes an emerging and intricate field. In contemporary times, several materials, actuators, and fabrication techniques have been employed to develop grippers. 
  • 138
  • 04 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence for Smart Grids in Smart Manufacturing
Smart manufacturing is not only beneficial to optimize product manufacturing processes with minimum costs, but also conducts product life cycle management to reduce energy consumption. Sustainable and smart manufacturing involves improving the efficiency and environmental sustainability of various manufacturing operations such as resource allocation, data collecting and monitoring, and process control. 
  • 286
  • 04 Dec 2023
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