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Topic Review
Blockchain Overview
Blockchain technology integrates a hash algorithm, digital signature, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, and other existing technologies, so it is characterized by anti-fraud, traceability, security, and trust. Supply chain refers to the network chain structure formed by upstream and downstream enterprises involved in the activities of providing products or services to end users in the process of production and circulation. 
  • 100
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Chrysler Minivan (AS)
The second-generation Chrysler minivans are a series of minivans that were manufactured and marketed by Chrysler Corporation in North America and Europe from 1991 to 1995. Officially designated the AS platform by Chrysler, the second-generation minivans were again sold in passenger and cargo configurations by the Chrysler, Plymouth, and Dodge divisions. Launched in late 1990 for the 1991 model year, the second-generation minivans were an extensive revision of the first-generation chassis and body. The model range became the first minivans offered with driver-side airbags (1991) and with optional integrated child safety seats (1992). While adding all-wheel drive as an option for the first time, the AS platform would also mark the last offering of a manual transmission. As with its predecessor, Chrysler assembled second-generation minivans at Windsor Assembly in Windsor, Ontario, Canada, with additional production at Saint Louis (North) Assembly in Fenton, Missouri from 1990 to 1994. In 1992, to supplement exports from the United States, the Chrysler Voyager began production in Graz, Austria (in the Eurostar joint venture factory between Chrysler and Steyr-Daimler-Puch). For the 1996 model year, the AS-generation minivans were replaced by the NS platform, marking the first complete redesign of the Chrysler minivans since their introduction.
  • 130
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Brass Era Car
The Brass Era is an American term for the early period of automotive manufacturing, named for the prominent brass fittings used during this time for such things as lights and radiators. It is generally considered to encompass 1896 through 1915, a time when these vehicles were often referred to as horseless carriages. Elsewhere in the world this period would be considered by antique car enthusiasts to consist of the veteran (pre-1904), and Edwardian eras, although these terms are really not meaningful outside the former British Empire.
  • 161
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Application of RAP in Asphalt Concrete Pavements
The use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) materials in asphalt concrete pavements (ACP) brings significant cost and environmental benefits. In practice, however, the amount of RAP readily available far exceeds the amount being utilized in ACPs, which still leaves the problem of excess RAP in the environment partially solved. Additionally, ACPs containing RAP materials (i.e., RAP-ACPs) can still be landfilled after they have reached the end of their useful life, which may restore the original environmental waste problem. To address these, researchers have demonstrated different ways to maximize the application of RAP in ACPs. Among them, the use of RAP in pavement preventive maintenance (PPM) treatments and the repeated recycling of RAP-ACPs (i.e., RnAP) are specifically discussed herein. It is envisaged that, by promoting these two practices, the application and benefits of RAP can be further maximized to improve sustainability. 
  • 313
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Traffic Incident Detection Algorithms
Traffic incidents have negative impacts on traffic flow and the gross domestic product of most countries. In addition, they may result in fatalities and injuries. Thus, efficient incident detection systems have a vital role in restoring normal traffic conditions on the roads and saving lives and properties. Researchers have realized the importance of Automatic Incident Detection (AID) systems and conducted several studies to develop AID systems to quickly detect traffic incidents with an acceptable performance level. AID can be categorized into four categories: comparative, statistical, artificial intelligence-based and video–image processing algorithms.
  • 123
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Forth Bridge Approach Railways
The Forth Bridge approach railways were railway lines constructed in the period 1887 to 1890 to form new main lines on the opening of the Forth Railway Bridge. The Forth Bridge opened in 1890 at the Queensferry crossing, and only local branch lines approached the location. The North British Railway built new main lines and upgraded some existing lines. The increase in passenger traffic resulted in serious congestion at Edinburgh Waverley, which was extended and modernised in the years following 1890.
  • 58
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Youth Road Safety Behavior in Serbia
Road traffic crashes are a leading cause of death for young people. Aberrant driver behaviors, such as drink driving, speeding, not wearing seatbelts, non-compliance with traffic rules and aggressive driving, are key contributors to these crashes. Gender and urban/rural differences are also risk factors. Younger people have the highest road crash and fatality risk.
  • 141
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
City Car
A city car (also known as urban car or a mini) is a small car designed to be used primarily in urban areas and conurbations. The term is used along with other terms for small cars including subcompact in North America. The Euro NCAP calls all small cars superminis. The European Commission refers to A-segment (Utility/city class: entry level small passenger car). In Japan , the kei car is a specific type of small car. The term microcar is loosely used for very small cars, some of which overlap city car classification.
  • 158
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
List of Maglev Train Proposals
This is a list of proposed maglev trains worldwide. Some proposals may have been rejected.
  • 122
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Mohawk Warrior
Mohawk Warrior (also known as Great Clips Mohawk Warrior since 2017) is a monster truck currently racing in the Monster Jam professional monster truck racing series. It is currently driven by Bryce Kenny, and was originally driven by George Balhan, former An Escalade driver, who debuted in 2010 during the Monster Jam World Finals XI Encore in the Obsession Chassis. It features one of the first trucks a decoration on the roof, which is a Giant Mohawk. The truck is also a successor to An Escalade. It also has an NGK Spark Plugs flag at the back of the truck, and was replaced by the Great Clips flags in 2017. It is sponsored by Great Clips since Bryce Kenny became the new driver of Mohawk Warrior after Balhan retired from Monster Jam.
  • 214
  • 25 Oct 2022
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