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Topic Review
Decision Tree Analysis for Highway Network Management
One important aspect of network-level highway management is the rational distribution of the maintenance budget to the necessary assets. However, the decision making underlying budget allocation is often unclear, making it difficult to determine whether the budget is being allocated effectively.
  • 282
  • 19 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Bioleaching
In bioleaching, the function of the solvent is performed by microorganisms, by the action of either bacteria or fungi, as they participate in the biogeochemical cycle of minerals in direct ways by the metabolism of the microorganisms or indirectly by the products of their metabolism. Therefore, bioleaching is defined as the solubilization of metals from insoluble solid substrates.
  • 830
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Analysis of Following Vehicles’ Driving Patterns
Despite the potential benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) of reducing human driver errors and enhancing traffic safety, a comprehensive evaluation of recent AV collision data reveals a concerning trend of rear-end collisions caused by following vehicles. Developing a methodology that identifies the relationship between driving patterns and the risk of collision between leading and following vehicles using spectral analysis can address this issue. Specifically, a process is proposed for computing three indices: reaction time, stimulus compliance index, and collision-risk aversion index. These indices consistently produced reliable results under various traffic conditions. The findings align with existing research on the driving patterns of following vehicles. Given the consistency and robustness of these indices, they can be effectively utilized in advanced driver assistance systems or incorporated into AVs to assess the likelihood of collision risk posed by following vehicles and develop safer driving strategies accordingly.
  • 305
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Role of Surface Roughness in Ice Formation
Surface roughness or asperities plays a detrimental role in the icephobicity of a surface. This could be in the form of overall surface roughness or imparting surface features that may aid to mitigate ice anchoring or encourage favourable wettability conditions to induce icephobic performance.
  • 507
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Vision-Based Methods for Food and Fluid Intake Monitoring
Food and fluid intake monitoring are essential for reducing the risk of dehydration, malnutrition, and obesity. The existing research has been preponderantly focused on dietary monitoring, while fluid intake monitoring, on the other hand, is often neglected. Food and fluid intake monitoring can be based on wearable sensors, environmental sensors, smart containers, and the collaborative use of multiple sensors. Vision-based intake monitoring methods have been widely exploited with the development of visual devices and computer vision algorithms. Vision-based methods provide non-intrusive solutions for monitoring. They have shown promising performance in food/beverage recognition and segmentation, human intake action detection and classification, and food volume/fluid amount estimation. However, occlusion, privacy, computational efficiency, and practicality pose significant challenges.
  • 375
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Chemical Sensor Array
A chemical sensor array is a sensor architecture with multiple sensor components that create a pattern for analyte detection from the additive responses of individual sensor components. There exist several types of chemical sensor arrays including electronic, optical, acoustic wave, and potentiometric devices, which are described below. These chemical sensor arrays can employ multiple sensor types that are cross-reactive or tuned to sense specific analytes.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Power Quality Due to Electric Vehicles Charging
The transportation industry is transitioning from conventional Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICVs) to Electric Vehicles (EVs) due to the depletion of fossil fuels and the rise in non-traditional energy sources. EVs are emerging as the new leaders in the industry. The supply systems in the world are invariably AC systems. This necessitates using an AC-DC converter in the battery-charging system. With grid connection, several important power quality parameters need to be considered. The power systems are usually designed keeping in mind the increase of load in the future.
  • 307
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Prioritization of Green Lean Supply Chain Management
Green–lean supply chain management (GLSCM) refers to strategically adopting and coordinating environmentally sustainable practices and lean concepts in supply chain operations. 
  • 300
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Prognostic and Health Management for Marine Diesel Engines
Prognostic and health management (PHM) methods focus on improving the performance and reliability of systems with a high degree of complexity and criticality. These systems include engines, turbines, and robotic systems. PHM methods involve managing technical processes, such as condition monitoring, fault diagnosis, health prognosis, and maintenance decision-making. Various software and applications deal with the processes mentioned above independently. Researchers can also observe different development levels, making connecting all of the machine’s technical processes in one health management system with the best possible output a challenging task. 
  • 432
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Dust Properties on Photovoltaic Systems
As conventional energy sources decrease and worldwide power demand grows, the appeal of photovoltaic (PV) systems as sustainable and ecofriendly energy sources has grown. PV system installation is influenced by geographical location, orientation, and inclination angle. Dust is a collection of tiny particles composed of microscopic solid inorganic and organic particles such as soil particles, ash (including pollutants from factories, vehicles, and firewood), bacteria, and so on, that has a diameter smaller than that of the air 500–1000 µm. These particles vary in size, volume, chemical concentration, and shape. Dust properties, such as size, shape, chemical composition, transmittance, absorption, reflection, thermal conductivity, and emissivity, can all affect the thermal and electrical behavior of PV systems. It is essential to consider that dust properties can vary depending on the location and environmental conditions. 
  • 257
  • 17 Jul 2023
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