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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Approaches to Sustainable Buildings and Cities
The assessment of the sustainability of buildings and cities is at the forefront of the environmental analysis of the built environment. Buildings are essential components of cities, where people spend a substantial part of their lives living, working, studying or relaxing. However, the same buildings and the whole construction industry are also responsible for considerable energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and waste generation. Sustainable development seeks to find “a balance between economic development, environmental protection and social improvement”, and the main aim of sustainable urban development is to create “beautiful, distinctive, secure, healthy and high-quality places for people to live and work in that foster a strong sense of community, pride, social equity, integration and identity”.
  • 321
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Road Scene Understanding of Autonomous Vehicles
Road scene understanding is crucial to the safe driving of autonomous vehicles. Comprehensive road scene understanding requires a visual perception system to deal with a large number of tasks at the same time, which needs a perception model with a small size, fast speed, and high accuracy. As multi-task learning has evident advantages in performance and computational resources, a multi-task model YOLO-Object, Drivable Area, and Lane Line Detection (YOLO-ODL) based on hard parameter sharing is proposed to realize joint and efficient detection of traffic objects, drivable areas, and lane lines.
  • 237
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Potential and Barriers of Energy Efficiency Improvement
The published literature demonstrates the apparently great potential for improvement in the energy efficiency for all sectors of the economy, including passenger transport and household energy use. Some researchers have even claimed that many energy efficiency improvements will pay for themselves, i.e., have negative cost. 
  • 251
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Microalgae and Photolysis as New Energy Technologies
Because of the near-term risk of extreme weather events and other adverse consequences from climate change and, at least in the longer term, global fossil fuel depletion, there is worldwide interest in shifting to noncarbon energy sources, especially renewable energy (RE). Because of possible limitations on conventional renewable energy sources, researchers have looked for ways of overcoming these shortcomings by introducing radically new energy technologies. The largest RE source is bioenergy, while solar energy and wind energy are regarded as having by far the largest technical potential.
  • 288
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Air Addition in Hydraulic Turbines
The use of hydropower is rapidly increasing worldwide, however, achieving maximum efficiency in hydraulic turbines requires operating at the best efficiency point (QBEP). By mitigating the vortex phenomenon, one can reduce pressure pulsation amplitudes and therefore expand the range of stable operation of the hydroturbine. There are two basic approaches to surge mitigation, which are based on the operation turbine principle. The first one involves modifying the existing geometry through geometric optimization, seeking to improve performance over a wider range of operations by changing parametric dimensions. The second approach aims to reduce flow swirl and break up stagnant zones by injecting water or air into the flow.
  • 597
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Electric Motor and Battery Faults of Electric Vehicles
Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) is of utmost importance in ensuring the safety and reliability of electric vehicles (EVs). The EV’s power train and energy storage, namely the electric motor drive and battery system, are critical components that are susceptible to different types of faults. Failure to detect and address these faults in a timely manner can lead to EV malfunctions and potentially catastrophic accidents. In the realm of EV applications, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) and lithium-ion battery packs have garnered significant attention.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Clustering Techniques in Autonomous Driving Applications
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on advanced sensory systems, such as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), to function seamlessly in intricate and dynamic environments. LiDAR produces highly accurate 3D point clouds, which are vital for the detection, classification, and tracking of multiple targets.
  • 811
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
3D Printing and Implementation of Digital Twins
Fabricating objects with desired mechanical properties by utilizing 3D printing methods can be expensive and time-consuming, especially when based only on a trial-and-error test modus operandi. Digital twins (DT) can be proposed as a solution to understand, analyze and improve the fabricated item, service system or production line.  The current trends and limitations in DTs for additive manufacturing are summarized, in order to provide more insights for further research on DT systems.
  • 399
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Ship Machinery Reliability
Redundancy in ship systems is provided to ensure operational resilience through equipment backups, which ensure system availability and offline repairs of machinery. The electric power generation system of ships provides the most utility of all systems; hence, it is provided with a good level of standby units to ensure reliable operations.
  • 401
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Critical Success Factors for Building Information Modeling Implementation
The building sector is widely acknowledged as a driving force behind national prosperity. However, there are considerable challenges to the construction industry’s transition to sustainable practices, including regarding building information modeling (BIM) technologies. The United Arab Emirates has made significant progress in the Middle East in adopting building information modelling (BIM) technologies. Green building approaches have been advanced through their incorporation into environmentally conscious building practices, with a large body of literature responding to this issue. Several projects in the United Arab Emirates have, however, made use of the complementary nature of BIM and UAE sustainable policies. However, not everybody has employed the full potential of BIM implementation in sustainable construction.
  • 449
  • 21 Jul 2023
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