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Topic Review
Gels for Conformance Control and Flow Diversion
The use of hydrogels in the development of oil fields by the flooding method has firmly established itself in the oil industry, and this direction is constantly evolving in all oil-producing countries around the world, as evidenced by the growth of publication and patent activity on this topic. Operations for conformance control and flow diversion are impossible to imagine without the use of gel technologies today. Inorganic, organic, and hybrid gels, as well as foam gels, gel-forming and gel-dispersed systems are used. The ability to widely regulate structural-mechanical properties, thermal stability, and shear resistance through the introduction of micro- and nano-sized additives has made hydrogels indispensable tools for petroleum engineers.
  • 219
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Hydrogen Storage Techniques for On-Board Applications
Hydrogen as an energy carrier could help decarbonize industrial, building, and transportation sectors, and be used in fuel cells to generate electricity, power, or heat. One of the numerous ways to solve the climate crisis is to make the vehicles on our roads as clean as possible. Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have demonstrated a high potential in storing and converting chemical energy into electricity with zero carbon dioxide emissions. This text presents the most favorable hydrogen storage approaches for FCEV on-board applications. To achieve long-range autonomy (over 500 km), FCEVs must be capable of storing 5-10 kg of hydrogen in compressed vessels at 700 bar, with Type IV vessels being the primary option. Although physical and chemical storage technologies are expected to be valuable to the hydrogen economy, compressed hydrogen storage remains the most advanced technology for on-board applications.
  • 639
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Biomass Pyrolysis Processes for Bioenergy Production
Bioenergy has emerged to be among the primary choices for the short- and medium-term replacement of fossil fuels and the reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The most practical method for transforming biomass into biofuel is thermochemical conversion, which may be broken down into combustion, torrefaction, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and gasification.
  • 887
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Performance Assessment towards Sustainable Consumption and Production
The sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) literature has grown alongside the dominant discourse that economic, environmental, and social sustainability can be simultaneously achieved through practices that legitimize a win–win business case, with a focus on the potential contributions to the triple bottom line.
  • 336
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Photonic Time-Stretch Imaging
Inspiring development in optical imaging enables great applications in the science and engineering industry, especially in the medical imaging area. Photonic time-stretch imaging is one emerging innovation that attracted a wide range of attention due to its principle of one-to-one-to-one mapping among space-wavelength-time using dispersive medium both in spatial and time domains. 
  • 393
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Olea europea and By-Products: Extraction Methods/Cosmetic Applications
The olive oil industry produces vast quantities of by-products, such as olive mill wastewater, olive pomace and leaves from which new ingredients may be obtained for cosmetic use. In this way, by-products are revalorized, which contributes to the implementation of a sustainable economy or upcycling. 
  • 257
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Electrical Stimulation Bioreactors
Electrical Stimulation (ES) bioreactors are defined here as any bioreactor capable of providing some type of ES to cells and organoids cultured within the device. Although there are several approaches to providing ES to cells, such as capacitive coupling and inductive stimulation, the most common method is direct stimulation.
  • 347
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Resilience Assessment in Urban Water Infrastructure
Urban water infrastructure (UWI) comprises the main systems, including water supply systems (WSS), urban drainage/stormwater systems (UDS) and wastewater systems (WWS). The UWI needs to be resilient to a wide range of shocks and stresses, including structural failures such as pipe breakage and pump breakdown and functional failures such as unmet water demand/quality, flooding and combined sewer overflows. 
  • 274
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Design and Formulation of Hyaluronic-Acid-Based Hydrogels
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polymer that is widely distributed in the human body and plays a significant role in numerous physiological processes such as cell migration, tissue hydration, and wound healing. Hydrogels based on HA and its derivatives have gained popularity as potential treatments for bone-related diseases. HA-based hydrogels have been extensively studied for their ability to mimic the natural extracellular matrix of bone tissue and provide a suitable microenvironment for cell support and tissue regeneration. The physical and chemical properties of HA can be modified to improve its mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and osteogenic potential.
  • 354
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
6G-IoT Technologies
The advent of 6G-IoT promises a revolutionary leap, integrating AI, expanded coverage, and autonomy in a seamless manner, thereby reshaping industries such as smart agriculture. Presented here are the essential technologies that will make it possible to meet the 6G-IoT requirements.
  • 1.9K
  • 07 Aug 2023
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