Topic Review
A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand in IgA Nephropathy Pathogenesis
A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL), the thirteenth member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, plays a key role in the regulation of activated B cells, the survival of long-lived plasma cells, and immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype class switching. Several lines of evidence have implicated APRIL in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN).
  • 113
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
ABO Blood Type
Venous thromboembolism, which includes both deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with cancer. The impact of ABO blood type in the development of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients remains controversial. To develop a sense of current opinion in this area, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood type is routinely determined preoperatively by objective and standardized methods, and our results suggest that these blood type results are useful for risk stratification and potentially for encouraging appropriate strategies for implementation of prophylactic treatment strategy in venous thromboembolism management. 
  • 399
  • 24 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Acid–Base Homeostasis and Renal Calcium–Phosphate Handling
Both calcium and phosphate metabolism are involved in acid–base homeostasis at several physiological intersections. Phosphate plays a key role in defense against metabolic acidosis, both as an intracellular and extracellular buffer, as well as in the renal excretion of excess H+ in the form of urinary titratable acid through this buffering reaction (Na2HPO4 ⇌ HPO42−+ 2Na and HPO42− + H+ ⇌ H2PO4−). The skeleton acts as an extracellular buffer in states of metabolic acidosis, as the acid-induced dissolution of bone hydroxyapatite releases Ca2+ and phosphate into the extracellular fluid (ECF).
  • 56
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Active Surveillance in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer
Active surveillance (AS) is a monitoring strategy to avoid or defer curative treatment, minimizing the side effects of radiotherapy and prostatectomy without compromising survival. AS in intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PC) has increasingly become used. There is heterogeneity in intermediate-risk PC patients. Some of them have an aggressive clinical course and require active treatment, while others have indolent disease and may benefit from AS. However, intermediate-risk patients have an increased risk of metastasis, and the proper way to select the best candidates for AS is unknown. In addition, there are several differences between AS protocols in inclusion criteria, monitoring follow-up, and triggers for active treatment. A few large series and randomized trials are under investigation.
  • 307
  • 07 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Acute Kidney Injury in Patient with Cancer
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are highly prevalent in patients with cancer, and they are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. 
  • 413
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
ADPKD, Oxidative Stress and Tolvaptan Treatment
Tolvaptan-treated ADPKD patients have reduced OxSt levels compared to untreated patients. This effect may contribute to the slowing of renal function loss observed with tolvaptan treatment. 
  • 316
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Altered Pathways in Fabry Disease
Fabry disease is a rare X-linked disease characterized by deficient expression and activity of alpha-galactosidase A (α-GalA) with consequent lysosomal accumulation of glycosphingolipid in various organs. Enzyme replacement therapy is the cornerstone of the treatment of all Fabry patients, although in the long-term it fails to completely halt the disease’s progression. This suggests on one hand that the adverse outcomes cannot be justified only by the lysosomal accumulation of glycosphingolipids and on the other that additional therapies targeted at specific secondary mechanisms might contribute to halt the progression of cardiac, cerebrovascular, and renal disease that occur in Fabry patients. 
  • 226
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
An Updated Classification of Cardiorenal Syndrome
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is defined as progressive, combined cardiac and renal dysfunction. Here, the pathomechanisms and clinical hallmarks of both chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease are presented, and an updated classification of CRS is proposed.
  • 469
  • 10 Jun 2022
Topic Review
AN69 Membrane in Hemodialysis Patients
Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) experience serious cardiovascular complications, through malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Amputation for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is more prevalent in patients undergoing HD than in the general population. In addition, revascularization procedures in dialysis patients are often associated with subsequent amputation and high mortality rates. To improve the prognosis of dialysis patients, malnutrition and inflammation must be properly treated, which necessitates a better understanding of the characteristics of dialysis membranes. Herein, the characteristics of several dialysis membranes were studied, with a special reference to the AN69 membrane, noting several similarities to low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-apheresis, which is also applicable for the treatment of PAD. Both systems (LDL-apheresis and AN69) have anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombogenic effects because they use a negatively charged surface for extracorporeal adsorptive filtration from the blood/plasma, and contact phase activation. The concomitant use of both these therapeutic systems may have additive therapeutic benefits in HD patients. 
  • 373
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Androgen deprivation therapy alone is commonly performed for metastatic prostate cancer but is generally not recommended for the treatment of high-risk localized or locally advanced prostate cancer.
  • 301
  • 14 Apr 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 27