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Topic Review
Primary Cutaneous CD30-Positive Lymphoproliferative Disorders
One of the most common subgroups of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas is that of primary cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders. The group includes lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) and primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL), as well as some borderline cases. Significant progress has been made in understanding the genetics and treatment of these disorders. 
  • 104
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Infectious Tattoo-Related Side Effects
Tattooing is the procedure of implanting permanent pigment granules and additives into the dermal layer of the skin, serving various purposes such as decoration, medical identification, or accidental markings. There has been a significant rise in the popularity of decorative tattooing as a form of body art among both teenagers and young adults. Thus, the incidence of tattoos is increasing, with expanding applications such as permanent makeup, scar camouflage, nipple–areola, lips, and eyebrows tattooing, and utilization in oncological radiotherapy such as colon marking. However, there have been reported a broad range of adverse reactions linked to tattooing, encompassing allergic reactions, superficial and deep cutaneous infections, autoimmune disorders induced by the Koebner phenomenon, cutaneous tumors, and others.
  • 86
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Treatment of Cutaneous Melanoma
Cutaneous melanoma is a public health problem. Pathogenic pathways and the tumor microclimate are key to the development of therapeutic methods. Revolutionary therapies like targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors are starting to replace traditional therapeutic methods. Targeted therapy aims at a specific molecule in the pathogenic chain to block it, stopping cell growth and dissemination. The main function of immune checkpoint inhibitors is to boost cellular immunity in order to combat cancer cells.
  • 64
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Optimum Biopsy Site for Direct Immunofluorescence
Direct immunofluorescence of skin and oral mucosa is a vital diagnostic test for assessing vesiculobullous disorders, vasculitides, and connective tissue diseases. It is a robust and valuable technique that offers essential diagnostic information for many critical dermatoses. Dermatopathologists depend heavily on the data obtained from direct immunofluorescence evaluation to confirm final diagnoses. 
  • 250
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Therapeutic Agents Targeting Immune Mediators in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa (AI), is a chronic, recurrent, debilitating skin disease thought to involve occlusion of the hair follicle at the pilosebaceous unit (PSU) such as axillary, inguinal, and anogenital regions. Clinically, HS manifests as painful inflammatory nodules, abscesses, and interconnected tunnels emitting malodorous discharge and results in disfiguring scarring that has a considerable impact on a patient’s quality of life. 
  • 50
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Purpureocillium lilacinum
Purpureocillium lilacinum is a ubiquitous hyaline fungus that is widely distributed in the environment. This fungus has a well-established place in agriculture as a biological nematicide, due to its ability to parasitize nematodes and their eggs while producing secondary metabolites that can promote plant growth. Despite being previously considered an extremely rare pathogen in humans, it has the ability to cause infections of the skin and other sites in both immunosuppressed and healthy individuals.
  • 148
  • 30 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma in Skin Cancer
Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME), a member of the cancer/testis antigen family, is central to the field of skin cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. As a nuclear receptor and transcriptional regulator, PRAME plays a critical role in inhibiting retinoic acid signalling, which is essential for cell differentiation and proliferation. Its aberrant overexpression in various malignancies, particularly cutaneous melanoma, is associated with more aggressive tumour phenotypes, positioning PRAME as both a diagnostic and prognostic marker. In melanoma, PRAME is typically highly expressed, in contrast to its weak or absent expression in benign nevi, thereby improving the accuracy of differential diagnoses. The diagnostic value of PRAME extends to various lesions. It is significantly expressed in uveal melanoma, correlating to an increased risk of metastasis. In acral melanomas, especially those with histopathological ambiguity, PRAME helps to improve diagnostic accuracy.
  • 74
  • 29 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Clinical Efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil and Bleomycin in Dermatology
Bleomycin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are widely used in various dermatological disorders. Both drugs are well-recognized as antineoplastic drugs and exert their effect by blocking the cell cycle. Topical and intralesional formulations are available and have been studied in both non-neoplastic and cancerous lesions. However, data comparing the effect of bleomycin and 5-FU in the dermatological disorders are limited.
  • 115
  • 24 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Pathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis
Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis fall within the category of cutaneous immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). The prevalence of IMIDs is increasing in industrialized societies, influenced by both environmental changes and a genetic predisposition. 
  • 83
  • 24 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels and Itch
Itch (pruritus) is a sensation in the skin that provokes the desire to scratch. The sensation of itch is mediated through a subclass of primary afferent sensory neurons, termed pruriceptors, which express molecular receptors that are activated by itch-evoking ligands. Also expressed in pruriceptors are several types of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels. TRP channels are a diverse class of cation channels that are responsive to various somatosensory stimuli like touch, pain, itch, and temperature. In pruriceptors, TRP channels can be activated through intracellular signaling cascades initiated by pruritogen receptors and underly neuronal activation.
  • 218
  • 19 Jan 2024
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