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Topic Review
Asthma
Asthma is an inflammatory condition of the bronchial mucosa affecting 10% of children and 5% of adults in Western countries.
  • 920
  • 25 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Asthma and Childhood Obesity
Several epidemiological studies have described childhood obesity as a risk factor for atopic disease, particularly asthma. At the same time, this association seems to be more conflicting for allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria.
  • 293
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Asthma and Environmental Chemicals
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide affecting all age groups from children to the elderly. In addition to other factors such as smoking, air pollution and atopy, some environmental chemicals are shown or suspected to increase the risk of asthma, exacerbate asthma symptoms and cause other respiratory symptoms. 
  • 537
  • 04 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Asthma and Lung Cancer
A large gap still exists in our knowledge of the effects of dietary supplements on lung cancer risk/mortality in asthmatic smokers and nonsmokers. There is a lack of reliable studies for detecting such an effect says a researcher in the journal Nutrients [1]. The researcher undertook a comprehensive review of studies on the topic, and is now calling for trials and studies of these supplements to detect their benefits and harms. The best way to reduce lung cancer risk is to get those at greatest risk of lung cancer (active and passive smokers, particularly those with asthma) to stop smoking or reduce exposure to tobacco smoke. In industrial societies, airborne environmental pollutants are also risk factors. [1] Alsharairi, N. The effects of dietary supplements on Asthma and Lung Cancer risk in smokers and non-smokers: A review of the literature. Nutrients, 2019, 11, 725.
  • 836
  • 03 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Asthma and Obesity
Asthma is a common chronic airway disease characterized by variable airflow limitation resulting from the combination of airway narrowing, airway hypersensitivity, airway wall thickening, and increased mucus hypersecretion. Airway narrowing results from both chronic inflammation and airway remodeling. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with several distinct clinical presentations (phenotypes) and complex pathophysiological mechanisms (endotypes). Obesity is the consequence of an excessive body fat accumulation due to an imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure. Diagnosis of obesity is usually established by assessing the body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2.
  • 550
  • 22 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Asthma Inception in Children
Asthma is the most frequent chronic childhood disease: the mean worldwide symptom prevalence of current wheezing in the last 12 months is about 13% in adolescents (13–14 years) and 11% in children (6–7 years). It is thus not uncommon for these two prevalent diseases to coincide in a considerable number of children; if the prevalence remained the same as in the general population there should be approximately 2% of obese, asthmatic children. If asthma favoured the development of obesity or vice versa, then this figure would have to be even higher.
  • 400
  • 15 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Asthma Pathogenesis
Asthma is a widespread chronic disease of the bronchopulmonary system with a heterogeneous course due to the complex etiopathogenesis. Natural-climatic and anthropogenic factors play an important role in the development and progression of this pathology. 
  • 699
  • 28 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Asthma-Polycystic Ovary Overlap Syndrome
Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease characterized by abnormalities in immune response. Due to the inherent complexity of the disease and the presence of comorbidities, asthma control is often difficult to obtain. In asthmatic patients, an increased prevalence of irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, obesity, and insulin resistance has been reported.
  • 456
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Astrocyte Mitochondrial Melatonergic Pathway in Depression Pathophysiology
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been conceptualized in a wide array of diverse frames of reference over the millennia, including cognitive, psychoanalytic and biological, with a wide array of treatments thereby derived, usually with little more efficacy than placebo. The clinical relevance of this is highlighted by the data showing the high lifetime prevalence of MDD (15–40%), especially as fewer than 50% of MDD patients show full remission from management with current antidepressants. This is further confounded by the data indicating that over 30% of MDD patients show no treatment response, often classed as suffering from treatment-resistant depression. This can have dire consequences given the percentages of people with severe MDD across all age groups that attempt or commit suicide. Here, wide bodies of previously disparate data on MDD pathophysiology are integrated, indicating a significant role for systemic processes, including the gut microbiome/permeability, immunity and platelets, in driving alterations in astrocyte mitochondrial function, leading to changes in neuronal activity, transmitter release and inter-area neuronal communication. Alterations in the interactions of the gut microbiome and amygdala in driving changes in affective regulation of patterned neuronal activity are an important aspect of MDD pathophysiology, with many of these changes arising from alterations in astrocyte mitochondrial function, including from intercellular and systemic processes driving changes in the astrocyte mitochondrial melatonergic pathway. This has significant future research and treatment implications for this common, but still poorly conceptualized condition, with pathophysiological implications as to how MDD interacts with a host of other medical conditions.  
  • 453
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Astrocyte Therapy in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Non-cell-specific therapeutics or therapeutics designed to tackle aberrant pathways within neurons failed to slow down or halt neurodegeneration. It is therefore time to pursue alternative strategies. In line with this, astrocytes emerge as promising therapeutic targets in various neurodegenerative disorders, an hypothesis supported by their importance to maintain the central nervous system homeostasis in health conditions as well as their fundamental and multifaced role in pathological conditions.
  • 582
  • 16 Aug 2021
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