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Topic Review
Biography
Topic Review
Fluorescence Microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy has become a critical tool for researchers to understand biological processes at the cellular level. Micrographs from fixed and live-cell imaging procedures feature in a plethora of scientific articles for the field of cell biology.
880
10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Flow Cytometry and Respiratory Diseases
Flow cytometry (FCM) arises with the design of the cell spectrophotometer, which makes it possible to measure both the content of nucleic acids and the size of the analyzed cells. The subject of the study is not limited to humans, other animal species and bacterias can also be studied. Moreover, FCM allows identify expression of molecules in the membrane, cytoplasm or nucleus, beside soluble proteins (cytokines, chemokines, etc), extracellular vesicles, antibodies, etc.
928
14 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Flipons and Condensates Enhances Evolution
A number of insights derive from viewing flipons as scaffolds for condensates. Flipons provide a controlled way to initiate condensate formation, one subject to natural selection. The alternative conformation localizes required factors needed to regulate transcription, RNA processing, and epigenetic modification, while excluding nucleosomes and other B-DNA- and A-RNA-specific proteins that produce competing outcomes.
617
22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Flavonoids as Modulators of Potassium Channels
Potassium channels are widely distributed integral proteins responsible for the effective and selective transport of K+ ions through the biological membranes. According to the existing structural and mechanistic differences, they are divided into several groups. All of them are considered important molecular drug targets due to their physiological roles, including the regulation of membrane potential or cell signaling. Among the pharmaceuticals of plant origin, which are potassium channel modulators, flavonoids appear as a powerful group of biologically active substances. It is caused by their well-documented anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-carcinogenic, and antidiabetic effects on human health.
689
30 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Flavones in Hypertensive Disease
Hypertension is the leading remediable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the United States. Excess dietary salt consumption, which is a catalyst of hypertension, initiates an inflammatory cascade via activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This pro-inflammatory response is driven primarily by sodium ions (Na+) transporting into APCs by the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and subsequent NADPH oxidase activation, leading to high levels of oxidative stress. Flavonoids, a natural phenolic compound, have these therapeutic benefits and can potentially serve as anti-hypertensives. Flavones are a type of flavonoid that have increased anti-inflammatory effects that may allow them to act as therapeutic agents for hypertension, including diosmetin, which is able to induce significant arterial vasodilation in several different animal models.
373
02 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Flat/Intended/Aspine Post-Synapses
Brain synapses are neuronal structures of the greatest interest. In the brain, the distribution of flat/intended and that of spinal post-synapses are not random. Coverage by flat/intended predominates in dendritic fibers of inhibitory neurons.
470
01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Filaggrin in Atopic Dermatitis
The discovery in 2006 that loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) cause ichthyosis vulgaris and can predispose to atopic dermatitis (AD) galvanized the dermatology research community and shed new light on a skin protein that was first identified in 1981. However, although outstanding work has uncovered several key functions of filaggrin in epidermal homeostasis, a comprehensive understanding of how filaggrin deficiency contributes to AD is still incomplete, including details of the upstream factors that lead to the reduced amounts of filaggrin, regardless of genotype.
661
16 May 2022
Topic Review
Filaggrin
Filaggrin (FLG) is a large (37-kD), histidine rich protein named after its ability to aggregates keratin intermediate filaments (Filament aggregating Protein). FLG is an important epidermal structural protein, crucial to the structure and function of the stratum corneum (SC) and is largely involved in the maintenance of skin barrier function. FLG deficiency or dysfunction can lead to various skin disorders such as xerosis, ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis (AD). It has been proposed that the level of FLG and its degradation products are influenced not only by the FLG loss-of-function mutations but also by endogenous or exogenous factors.
662
09 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Fibronectin in Osteoarthritis
Fibronectin is a component of the extracellular matrix essential to its assembly, which also regulates some cellular functions. However, cleavage of fibronectin in pathological conditions releases fibronectin fragments with pro-inflammatory and degradative properties. During the development of osteoarthritis, tissue proteolysis and injury induce extracellular matrix degradation, generating fibronectin fragments that promote inflammation and degradation by the induction of cytokine and proteinase expressions.
606
02 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Fibroblasts
Fibroblasts, the most abundant cells in the connective tissue, are key modulators of the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition.
1.1K
18 Jan 2021
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