Topic Review
(−)-Methyl-Oleocanthal, a New Oleocanthal Metabolite
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses of (−)-methyl-oleocanthal (met-OLE), a new metabolite of the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenolic oleocanthal (OLE), were explored in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine peritoneal macrophages. Possible signaling pathways and epigenetic modulation of histones were studied. Met-OLE inhibited LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrite (NO) production and decreased the overexpression of the pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-2, mPGES-1 and iNOS in murine macrophages.
  • 510
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
1,2-cis glycosylation
Controlling the stereoselectivity of 1,2-cis glycosylation is one of the most challenging tasks in the chemical synthesis of glycans. There are various 1,2-cis glycosides in nature, such as α-glucoside and β-mannoside in glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans, microbial polysaccharides, and bioactive natural products. In the structure of polysaccharides such as α-glucan, 1,2-cis α-glucosides were found to be the major linkage between the glucopyranosides. Various regioisomeric linkages, 1→3, 1→4, and 1→6 for the backbone structure, and 1→2/3/4/6 for branching in the polysaccharide as well as in the oligosaccharides were identified. To achieve highly stereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation, including α-glucosylation, a number of strategies using inter- and intra-molecular methodologies have been explored.
  • 158
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Meso-Formylporphyrins
Insertion of the formyl group into porphyrins is a primary functionalization of the tetrapyrrole ring, opening opportunities for further transformations including, but not limited to, Wittig, Grignard, McMurry, cycloaddition, Knoevenagel reactions, and Schiff bases preparation.
  • 190
  • 23 Aug 2023
Topic Review
1,3-Butadiene
1,3-Butadiene is the organic compound with the formula (CH2=CH)2. It is a colorless gas that is easily condensed to a liquid. It is important industrially as a monomer in the production of synthetic rubber. The molecule can be viewed as the union of two vinyl groups. It is the simplest conjugated diene. Although butadiene breaks down quickly in the atmosphere, it is nevertheless found in ambient air in urban and suburban areas as a consequence of its constant emission from motor vehicles. The name butadiene can also refer to the isomer, 1,2-butadiene, which is a cumulated diene with structure H2C=C=CH−CH3. This allene has no industrial significance.
  • 696
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
6-Formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole
6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C19H12N2O. It is a nitrogen heterocycle, having an extremely high affinity (Kd = 7 x 10−11M) for binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). It was originally identified as a photooxidized derivative of the amino acid tryptophan and suggested to be the endogenous ligand of the AHR. Later, also enzymatic formation of FICZ was shown.
  • 365
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Acridine
Acridine, an alkaloid from anthracene, also known by the names of 10-azaanthracene, dibenzopyridine, 2,3,5,6-dibenzopyridine, and its derivatives or analogs, have a great potential to be an efficient class of excellent inhibitor. The phenomenon of corrosion threatens metallic components, human safety, and the economy. Despite being eco-friendly and promising as a corrosion inhibitor, acridine has not been explored to its full potential. 
  • 697
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Actual Symmetry of Symmetric Adducts
This review discusses molecular adducts, whose composition allows a symmetric structure. Such adducts are popular model systems, as they are useful for analyzing the effect of structure on the property selected for study since they allow one to reduce the number of parameters. The main objectives of this discussion are to evaluate the influence of the surroundings on the symmetry of these adducts, steric hindrances within the adducts, competition between different noncovalent interactions responsible for stabilizing the adducts, and experimental methods that can be used to study the symmetry at different time scales. This review considers the following central binding units: hydrogen (proton), halogen (anion), metal (cation), water (hydrogen peroxide). 
  • 638
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Acyclic Unsaturated 2π-Electron Components
Azomethine ylides are nitrogen-based three-atom components commonly used in [3+2]-cycloaddition reactions with various unsaturated 2π-electron components. These reactions are highly regio- and stereoselective and have attracted the attention of organic chemists with respect to the construction of diverse heterocycles potentially bearing four new contiguous stereogenic centers. 
  • 295
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Acyl Oxime Ester
The synthetic strategies of oxime derivatives participating in radical-type reactions have been rapidly developed in the last few decades. Among them, the N–O bond cleavage of oxime esters leading to formation of nitrogen-centered radicals triggers adjacent C–C bond cleavage to produce carbon-centered free radicals, which has been virtually used in organic synthesis in recent years.
  • 512
  • 29 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Adaptive Self-Organizing Map Using Optimal Control
The self-organizing map (SOM), which is a type of artificial neural network (ANN), was formulated as an optimal control problem. Its objective function is to minimize the mean quantization error, and the state equation is the weight updating equation of SOM. Based on the objective function and the state equations, the Hamiltonian equation based on Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) was formed. 
  • 155
  • 19 Oct 2023
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