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Topic Review
Sustainable Polymeric Food Packaging Films
Food packaging is fundamental to ensuring food distribution and protection around the world, especially when considering the solid growth of the population. Without packaging, food would easily spoil and the distribution of enormous quantities of food, raw and processed, to different areas around the globe would hardly be possible.
  • 694
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Essential Oils as Potential Anti-Influenza Agents
Essential oils (EOs) are chemical substances, mostly produced by aromatic plants in response to stress, that have a history of medicinal use for many diseases. In the past, EOs have continued to gain more attention because of their proven therapeutic applications against the flu and other infectious diseases. Influenza (flu) is an infectious zoonotic disease that affects the lungs and their associated organs. It is a public health problem with a huge health burden, causing a seasonal outbreak every year. Occasionally, it comes as a disease pandemic with unprecedentedly high hospitalization and mortality. Influenza is managed by vaccination and antiviral drugs such as Amantadine, Rimantadine, Oseltamivir, Peramivir, Zanamivir, and Baloxavir. However, the adverse side effects of these drugs, the rapid and unlimited variabilities of influenza viruses, and the emerging resistance of new virus strains to the currently used vaccines and drugs have necessitated the need to obtain more effective anti-influenza agents.
  • 434
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Product-Based Learning
The traditional teaching-learning process in higher education employs strategies that position students as recipients of information transmitted by the teacher, which is conceptualized as knowledge. However, the reality in which we live, including new generational groups’ characteristics, requires implementing training solutions that meet individuals' needs in the development of skills or know-how. Thus, deploying suitable solutions to society through a framework that forms individuals capable of continuously seeking knowledge, creating and innovating, is crucial. The "Reproduction of an Environment of Innovation in the Classroom" (RAIS) is a product-based learning and evaluation strategy where the student is actively involved in constructing and generating knowledge. It allows developing the programmatic competencies in engineering courses to attain a feasible product. The RAIS strategy has been applied in Physical chemistry for Chemical Engineers and Industrial Chemistry courses. Students successfully formulated a product using the know-how attained in each course. In addition, this strategy increased motivation compared to other traditional courses, developing the ability to deploy and find solutions in work environments with multidisciplinary groups.  
  • 2.7K
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Functionalization of Long-Period Fiber Grating-Based Biosensors
Long-period fiber grating (LPFG)-based biosensors are being increasingly proposed due to their intrinsic advantages over conventional sensors, including their compactness, potential remote control and immunity to electromagnetic interference. When designing a biosensor, it is a key technological step to select the sensitive material suitable for the biological target. Therefore, the functionalization of LPFG-based biosensor is a fundamental step in realizing biochemical applications. Several common functionalization methods are introduced in detailed, such as covalent immobilization of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane silanization and graphene oxide  functionalization, and noncovalent immobilization of layer-by-layer assembly method.
  • 353
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Fluorescence Enhancement without Structural Modifications
The Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and its analogues have been widely used as fluorescent biomarkers in cell biology. Yet, the chromophore responsible for the fluorescence of the GFP is not emissive when isolated in solution, outside the protein environment. Many efforts have been devoted to the study of this famiy of fluorophores, especially on the ways to restaure their emission intensity without modifying their backbone. Here are presented several ways to enhance the emission intensity of these fluorophores, modifying their environment but not their structure.
  • 588
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Copper-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Click Chemistry
In the extensive terrain of catalytic procedures for the synthesis of organic molecules, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as heterogenous catalysts have been investigated in a variety of chemical processes, including Friedel–Crafts reactions, condensation reactions, oxidations, and coupling reactions, and utilized owing to their specific properties such as high porosity, tuneability, extraordinary catalytic activity, and recyclability.
  • 585
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Saudi Arabian Plants
The kingdom of Saudi Arabia (SA) ranks fifth in Asia in terms of area. It features broad biodiversity, including interesting flora, and was the historical origin of Islam. It is endowed with a large variety of plants, including many herbs, shrubs, and trees. Many of these plants have a long history of use in traditional medicine.
  • 689
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Biomaterials and Their Potentialities as Additives in Bitumen
A lot of research is ongoing to improve bitumen’s properties due to its use as a binder in road paving processes. Over the years, the most common method to improve bitumen’s properties has been with the use of additives. The major drawback in the use of these additives is the fact that they are substances of strong chemical nature which are either too acidic, too basic or emit toxic fumes and volatile organic compounds into the environment. In the long run, these chemicals are also toxic to the road pavement personnel that carry out the day to day industrial and paving operations. This led researchers to the initiative of synthesizing and applying biomaterials to be used as additives for bitumen. In this light, several studies have investigated the use of substances such as bio-oils, natural waxes, gum, polysaccharides and natural rubber. 
  • 652
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Random Laser Properties
In a random laser (RL), optical feedback arises from multiple scattering instead of conventional mirrors. RLs generate a laser-like emission, and meanwhile take advantage of a simpler and more flexible laser configuration. The applicability of RLs as light sources and optical sensors has been proved. 
  • 448
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for CO2 Capture
The requirement to counter carbon emissions is becoming urgent. Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) have been extensively investigated for storing and separating gases, especially carbon dioxide. ZIFs are the subclass of metal-organic frameworks with analogous topology to inorganic porous zeolites. These are attractive candidates for several applications, including storage and separation of gases, due to their outstanding properties such as high CO2 uptake, large surface area, permanent porosity, high thermal stability, high chemical stability, etc.
  • 693
  • 13 Jan 2023
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