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Topic Review
Method of Detecting Perfluorooctanoic Acid
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a new type of organic pollutant in wastewater that is persistent, toxic, and accumulates in living organisms. The development of rapid and sensitive analytical methods to detect PFOA in environmental media is of great importance. Fluorescence detection has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, in which fluorescent probes have excellent fluorescence properties, excellent bio-solubility, and remarkable photostability. 
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Effects of Magnetic Nanomaterials on Biological Neural signals
By sending electrical, optical, chemical, auditory, or magnetic stimuli to specific neural tissue, a process known as neuromodulation may be used to alter neuronal activity. Through active research efforts, the development of nanotechnology has recently revolutionized neuromodulation techniques. On the one hand, the adaptable nano-science toolbox promoted neuromodulation techniques that were previously associated with huge devices toward shrunk devices with soft mechanics, closely packed components, and long-lasting performance. The neurological issue may be seamlessly integrated with these nanoscale instruments due to their enhanced spatial resolution and precise targeting capabilities. In addition, magnetic nanoparticles represent a significant aspect of magnetic neuromodulation development. Deep brain stimulation is possible with the use of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, which can be delivered to the brain and controlled remotely. Additionally, by regulating certain ion channels, force-generating or heat-dissipating super-paramagnetic nanoparticles can be employed for wireless neuromodulation. Specific cells’ ion channels are targeted by taking advantage of their inherent functionality or via genetic modification. Magnetic nanoparticles’ magnetic forces activate mechanosensitive channels, such as TREK1 and Piezo1, and magnetic nanoparticles that produce heat in response to an external alternating magnetic field can activate heat-sensitive ion channels, such as TRPV1.
  • 549
  • 30 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Lipids as Biomarkers for Equine Anti-Doping
The approach to equine anti-doping is focused on the targeted detection of prohibited substances. However, as new substances are rapidly being developed, the need for complimentary methods for monitoring is crucial to ensure the integrity of the racing industry is upheld. Lipidomics is a growing field involved in the characterisation of lipids, their function and metabolism in a biological system. Different lipids have various biological effects throughout the equine system including platelet aggregation and inflammation.
  • 328
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Intranasal Liposomes for Vaccine Delivery
Liposomes are safe, biocompatible, and biodegradable spherical nanosized vesicles produced from cholesterol and phospholipids. Liposomes have been widely administered intranasally for systemic and brain delivery. Intranasal liposomes are also a potential approach for vaccine delivery. Liposomes can be used as a platform to load antigens and as vaccine adjuvants to induce a robust immune response. 
  • 535
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Materials for Three-Dimensional Bio-Printing
The fast-developing field of three-dimensional (3D) bio-printing has been extensively used to improve the usability and performance of scaffolds filled with cells. To further 3D-printing uses in tissue engineering, research on novel, suitable biomaterials with quick cross-linking capabilities is a prerequisite. A wider variety of acceptable 3D-printed materials are still needed, as well as better printing resolution (particularly at the nanoscale range), speed, and biomaterial compatibility.
  • 471
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
The Feature, Performance of Advanced Electrodes for Electroencephalogram
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a graph of the difference in voltage between brain scalp locations over time. Since EEG signals are non-stationary and random, they usually present low signal intensity and high noise. Therefore, the development of advanced electrodes to obtain high-quality EEG signals is a very attractive but challenging research topic. Ag/AgCl wet electrodes have been widely used to record brain potentials in real life. However, the use of conductive gels still faces many challenges. Advanced electrodes such as semi-dry, dry contact, dry non-contact, and microneedle array electrodes have been developed to overcome the issues. In this entry, the physical features and EEG signal acquisition performances of these advanced EEG electrodes are introduced in view of the differences in contact between the skin and electrodes. Specifically, contact features, biofeatures, impedance, signal quality, and artifacts are discussed.
  • 761
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Nanoporous Gold in Therapy, Drug Delivery, and Diagnostics
Nanoporous gold (np-Au) has promising applications in therapeutic delivery. The promises arise from its high surface area-to-volume ratio, ease of tuning shape and size, ability to be modified by organic molecules including drugs, and biocompatibility. For the demands of a real patient, light-triggered on-demand pulsatile release from a reservoir containing highly enriched medicines has been demonstrated to be provided by versatile drug delivery devices using nanoporous membranes made of gold nanorods and dendrimers.
  • 693
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Acyclic Unsaturated 2π-Electron Components
Azomethine ylides are nitrogen-based three-atom components commonly used in [3+2]-cycloaddition reactions with various unsaturated 2π-electron components. These reactions are highly regio- and stereoselective and have attracted the attention of organic chemists with respect to the construction of diverse heterocycles potentially bearing four new contiguous stereogenic centers. 
  • 369
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Magnetic Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications of Nucleic Acids
Magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) combine the features of magnetic nanoparticles and a second material, which provide distinct physical, chemical, and biological properties. The magnetic core for nanocomposite synthesis is extensively used due to its high saturation magnetization, chemical stability, large surface area, and easy functionalization. Moreover, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have great potential for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic particle imaging (MPI), hyperthermia, and targeted drug and gene delivery by an external magnetic field. Numerous composing units exist, which leads to the outstanding application of composites. The authors focused on nucleic acid-based bioapplications of MNCs with polymeric, organic, inorganic, biomolecules, and bioinspared surface coating. The unique types of nanocomposites as magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) properties are presented. The authors aim to discuss the features of nucleic acid-based MNC information available to researchers in this field and guide them through some problems in the area, structure variation, and surface functionalization possibilities. The advancements of MNCs and imprinted polymers in nucleic acid-based therapy, diagnostics, theranostics, magnetic separation, biocatalytic, and biosensing are introduced.
  • 403
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Novel Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Production and Storage
Using hydrogen energy as an alternative renewable source of fuel is no longer an unrealized dream, it now has real-world application. The influence of nanomaterials on various aspects of hydrogen energy, such as hydrogen production, storage, and safety, is considerable.
  • 552
  • 29 Jan 2023
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