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Topic Review
Metal-Oxide FET Biosensor for Point-of-Care Testing
Metal-oxide semiconducting materials are promising for building high-performance field-effect transistor (FET) based biochemical sensors. The existence of well-established top-down scalable manufacturing processes enables the reliable production of cost-effective yet high-performance sensors, two key considerations toward the translation of such devices in real-life applications. Metal-oxide semiconductor FET biochemical sensors are especially well-suited to the development of Point-of-Care testing (PoCT) devices, as illustrated by the rapidly growing body of reports in the field. Yet, metal-oxide semiconductor FET sensors remain confined to date, mainly in academia.
  • 429
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Nanofluid Preparation and Stability
The advent of nanotechnology has brought about significant technological advancements in many fields of study. The birth of nanofluids as an advanced thermal transport media in the area of thermal management is a laudable and notable feat. Nanofluids (mono and hybrid nanofluids) have been extensively researched and established to be better than conventional thermal transport media due to their enhanced thermophysical and convective properties.
  • 630
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Biomimetic Approaches in Clinical Endodontics
Endodontics is an important sub-branch of dentistry which deals with the different conditions of pulp to prevent tooth loss. Traditionally, common procedures, namely pulp capping, root canal treatment, apexification, and apexigonesis, have been considered for the treatment of different pulp conditions using selected materials. However, clinically to regenerate dental pulp, tissue engineering has been advocated as a feasible approach. New trends are emerging in terms of regenerative endodontics which have led to the replacement of diseased and non-vital teeth into the functional and healthy dentine-pulp complex. Root- canal therapy is the standard management option when dental pulp is damaged irreversibly. This treatment modality involves soft-tissue removal and then filling that gap through the obturation technique with a synthetic material. The formation of tubular dentine and pulp-like tissue formation occurs when stem cells are transplanted into the root canal with an appropriate scaffold material. To sum up tissue engineering approach includes three components: (1) scaffold, (2) differentiation, growth, and factors, and (3) the recruitment of stem cells within the pulp or from the periapical region.
  • 519
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
The Single Extracellular Vesicle Analysis Techniques
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been regarded as one of the most potential diagnostic biomarkers for different cancers, due to their unique physiological and pathological functions. However, it is still challenging to precisely analyze the contents and sources of EVs, due to their heterogeneity. Many studies suggest that single EV analysis techniques may provide a powerful tool to explore the diversity of EVs and address these challenges.
  • 407
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Preliminary Activation of the Surface of Fibrous Materials
Pre-activation is often used to increase the adhesion of coatings to the surface of fibrous materials. This consists in various kinds of treatment soft the fibers, as a result of which their near-surface layer is transformed, new active oxygen-containing groups are formed, and the fiber becomes less smooth.
  • 356
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Synthesis of Perovskite Nanowires
Metal halide perovskites are promising energy materials because of their high absorption coefficients, long carrier lifetimes, strong photoluminescence, and low cost. Low-dimensional halide perovskites, especially one-dimensional (1D) halide perovskite nanowires (NWs), have become a hot research topic in optoelectronics owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties. 
  • 637
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Microbial Surfactants: Sustainable Class of Versatile Molecules
Microbial Surfactants are the class of surfactants produced by microbes like bacteria, fungi or yeast. Due to their easy biodegradability, and less toxicity, this class is gaining huge interests of scientists, researchers, environmentalists and industrialists. Current article throws some light on the introduction and classification of microbial surfactants. Some properties og microbial surfactants has also been discussed in the same. Industrial Applications of Microbial surfactants will be discussed below.
  • 494
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Nanofluids Formulation, Characterization, and Stability
Nanofluids (NFs) synthesized via the suspension of diverse nanoparticles into conventional thermal fluids are known to exhibit better thermal, optical, tribological, and convective properties, photothermal conversion, and heat transfer performance in comparison with traditional thermal fluids. Stability is pivotal to NF preparation, properties, performance, and application. 
  • 452
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Green Synthesis of Carbon Nanoparticles from Biomass
Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have demonstrated utility in a wide range of biological applications such as imaging, sensing and as surface-coatings. Biomass waste can be derived from either plant or animal matter as a result of processing higher-value materials, for instance leaves from trees as by product from processed wood or paper production. Biomass is abundant: trees, agriculture crops, energy crops, fruits, vegetation, wood, aquatic plants and algae, general municipal waste and animal waste.
  • 512
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Integrin-Based Therapeutics in Diseases
Integrins are heterodimeric glycoproteins crucial to the physiology and pathology of many biological functions. As adhesion molecules, they mediate immune cell trafficking, migration, and immunological synapse formation during inflammation and cancer. The recognition of the vital roles of integrins in various diseases revealed their therapeutic potential. 
  • 594
  • 31 Jan 2023
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