Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Development of Agricultural-Based Nano-Structured Aerogels
Aerogels are an exceptional form of porous materials with extraordinary unique properties. The aerogel has been fabricated from different inorganic and organic materials and incorporated with a variety of novel compounds for specific applications and to enhance its performance in the desired application. 
  • 360
  • 02 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy
Hydrogels are three-dimensional crosslinked structures with physicochemical properties similar to the extracellular matrix (ECM). By changing the hydrogel’s material type, crosslinking, molecular weight, chemical surface, and functionalization, it is possible to mimic the mechanical properties of native tissues. Hydrogels are currently used in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields for drug delivery systems, wound dressings, tissue engineering, and contact lenses. Polysaccharide-based hydrogels can be used as drug delivery systems for the efficient release of various types of cancer therapeutics, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and minimizing potential side effects.
  • 438
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Carbon-Based Iron Catalysts for Organic Synthesis
Carbon-based iron catalysts combining the advantages of iron and carbon material are efficient and sustainable catalysts for green organic synthesis.
  • 457
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
New Modification of PbF(IO3)
New crystals of PbF(IO3) polytype modification are synthesized hydrothermally and demonstrate strong SHG optical response. They are phase-matchable at the fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm. The crystal structure was solved in two space groups, orthorhombic C2ma and monoclinic Pn, of which monoclinic is true and is described with a twinning by mirror plane introduced in structural refinements taken into account. Orthorhombic symmetry was used in comparison with the related structures and deviation close similarity in the selected suggested family MX(IO3), M = Bi, Ba­, Pb, X= O, F, (OH) with series of members. These compounds were also characterizing as similar to Aurivillius phases with fluorite-like layer and perovskite-like layer substituted by (IO3) groups. The optical nonlinearity of the iodates of the Aurivillius family and structurally related iodates is determined by the polar orientation of the iodate groups, which make an overwhelming contribution to the optical nonlinearity. From crystal chemistry point of view, the heavy atoms in these structures are located in the second cation environments in relation to the iodate groups and indirectly affect the nonlinearity. In particular, large Ba-cations without single electron pairs provoke a symmetric variant of the Aurivillius type structure, in contrast to the acentric Bi3+ and Pb2+ cations known in polar iodates with strong second-order optical nonlinearity. There is wide diversity in the extended series of related compounds which includes variation of fluorite-like layers (single or double), perovskite-like layers presented by octahedral or more complicate polyhedral, or by IO3 (BrO3) groups, or by Cl-atoms, or by NH4-groups. This allows the development of future search for new promising phases.
  • 438
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Environmental Implications Associated with the Development of Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology involves materials at a scale ranging from 1 to 100 nm in one of its dimensions. It has brought advances in several areas such as electronics, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, agriculture, cosmetics, and food. Nanostructures have a higher surface-to-volume ratio compared to bulk materials aside from exhibiting enhanced catalytic, mechanical, optical, electrical, tribological, thermal, and other properties. For this reason, nanomaterials have been widely studied and applied for the production of different products such as textiles, food coloring, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Furthermore, the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems and the environment still needs to be clarified. Moreover, some issues such as toxicity, bioaccumulation, and physicochemical transformations are found to be dependent on several factors such as size, capping agent, and shape, making the comparisons even more complex. 
  • 422
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Application of Graphene Oxide in Electrochemical Biomarker Detection
Graphene, a single layer (monolayer) of SP2 carbon atoms with a molecular bond length of 0.142 nm, is tightly bound in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice. It is basically extracted from graphite and is merely a sheet of graphite.
  • 383
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of Silicon Carbide Materials
Silicon carbide (SiC) materials are widely applied in the field of nuclear materials and semiconductor materials due to their excellent radiation resistance, thermal conductivity, oxidation resistance, and mechanical strength. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is an important method to study the properties, preparation, and performance of SiC materials. It has significant advantages at the atomic scale. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Lipid-Oligonucleotide Conjugates and the Development of RNA-Based Therapeutics
Antisense and small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotides have been recognized as powerful therapeutic compounds for targeting mRNAs and inducing their degradation. However, a major obstacle is that unmodified oligonucleotides are not readily taken up into tissues and are susceptible to degradation by nucleases. For these reasons, the design and preparation of modified DNA/RNA derivatives with better stability and an ability to be produced at large scale with enhanced uptake properties is of vital importance.
  • 886
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
MXenes and Their Composites in Sodium-Ion Batteries
The typical two-dimensional layered structure materials, MXenes, are widely used in energy conversion and storage due to their high conductivity, ion transport ability, and rich surface structures. MXenes and their composites have been widely employed in secondary batteries, especially sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), with obvious performance improvement. 
  • 497
  • 01 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Carbon Based Two-Dimensional Materials for Bioelectronic Neural Interfacing
Realizing the neurological information processing by analyzing the complex data transferring behavior of populations and individual neurons is one of the fast-growing fields of neuroscience and bioelectronic technologies. This field is anticipated to cover a wide range of advanced applications, including neural dynamic monitoring, understanding the neurological disorders, human brain–machine communications and even ambitious mind-controlled prosthetic implant systems. To fulfill the requirements of high spatial and temporal resolution recording of neural activities, electrical, optical and biosensing technologies are combined to develop multifunctional bioelectronic and neuro-signal probes. Advanced two-dimensional (2D) layered materials such as carbon based 2D materials with their atomic-layer thickness and multifunctional capabilities show bio-stimulation and multiple sensing properties. These characteristics are beneficial factors for development of ultrathin-film electrodes for flexible neural interfacing with minimum invasive chronic interfaces to the brain cells and cortex.
  • 339
  • 01 Feb 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 467
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback