Topic Review
Zearalenone and the Immune Response
Zearalenone (ZEA) is an estrogenic fusariotoxin, being classified as a phytoestrogen, or as a mycoestrogen. ZEA and its metabolites are able to bind to estrogen receptors, 17β-estradiol specific receptors, leading to reproductive disorders which include low fertility, abnormal fetal development, reduced litter size and modification at the level of reproductive hormones especially in female pigs. ZEA has also significant effects on immune response with immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive results. This review presents the effects of ZEA and its derivatives on all levels of the immune response such as innate immunity with its principal component inflammatory response as well as the acquired immunity with two components, humoral and cellular immune response. The mechanisms involved by ZEA in triggering its effects are addressed. 
  • 494
  • 26 Apr 2021
Topic Review
YB1 in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
The Y Box binding protein 1 (YB1) is a multifunctional protein, found both in the cytoplasm and inside the nucleus, that belongs to the highly conserved Cold Shock Domain protein family. YB1 is highly expressed in TNBC tumors of AA origin when compared to CAs. Increased expression levels and activity of YB1 correlates with poor disease outcomes, resistance to chemotherapy, and the activation of the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype, with higher levels in AA than in CA TNBC tumors.
  • 636
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
World-Renowned “Swiss” Pediatricians
The early and correct recognition of rare pediatric diseases is essential for decisions related to treatment options, the monitoring of treatment results, and the prevention of complications, as well as the estimation of prognosis and the counselling of patients, parents, and caregivers, including a risk estimation for recurrence in future pregnancies.
  • 120
  • 04 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Wireless Sensor Networks for Healthcare
Wireless sensor networks for healthcare refers to the networks that help to monitor the physical conditions. This entry details the Real-Time Centralized Activity Recognition and Real-Time Distributed Activity Recognition.
  • 705
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Wildfires Impact Mental Health
One of the many consequences of climate change is an increase in the frequency, severity, and, thus, impact of wildfires across the globe. The destruction and loss of one’s home, belongings, and surrounding community, and the threat to personal safety and the safety of loved ones can have significant consequences on survivors’ mental health, which persist for years after.
  • 435
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Whole School Restorative Approaches for Positive Youth Development
Positive youth development highlights the promotion of skills through engaging and caring settings and building opportunities for bidirectional and constructive relationships. Whole School Restorative Approaches (WSRA) promote school community relationships and social and emotional skills which are core components for positive youth development. 
  • 434
  • 18 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Whole Grain Consumption in Glycaemic Control
Whole grain consumption is beneficial for glucose metabolism in people with diabetes.
  • 354
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
West Nile Virus
West Nile fever (WNF) is an arthropod-borne viral disease that is transmitted from birds to humans and animals by mosquitoes. Humans may develop a severe disease, which sometimes can be fatal. At the end of the 20th century, the first outbreak of WNF among humans in an urban environment in Eastern Europa and the United States was reported. The epidemics were characterized by the neurological form of the disease with fatal outcomes. WNF spread is driven by location and time, which means nearby locations and periods have similar patterns. Recognition of patterns of spread of disease is crucial for mitigation of disease and prevention. Regression analysis of the predictors of the infection and spatiotemporal analysis enables the detection of risk factors and measurement of their association with West Nile virus infection in humans and animals.
  • 465
  • 25 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Wearable Sensing Technology and Long COVID
Long COVID consequences have changed the perception towards disease management, and it is moving towards personal healthcare monitoring. Wearable sensors are being explored for its simplicity, portability, and real time health monitoring system. These smart devices can detect physiological changes in the human body providing a real time solution for quicker medical decision.
  • 420
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Wearable Monitoring of Drugs
Precision medicine, particularly therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), is essential for optimizing drug dosage and minimizing toxicity. However, current TDM methods have limitations, including the need for skilled operators, patient discomfort, and the inability to monitor dynamic drug level changes. Wearable sensors have emerged as a promising solution for drug monitoring. These sensors offer real-time and continuous measurement of drug concentrations in biofluids, enabling personalized medicine and reducing the risk of toxicity. 
  • 220
  • 27 Jul 2023
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