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Topic Review
Augmented Reality and Image-Guided Robotic Liver Surgery
Robotic surgery has gained much attention in liver resection for its potential to increase surgical dexterity in a minimally invasive scenario. In liver surgery, robotic systems help surgeons to localize tumors and improve surgical results with well-defined preoperative planning or increased intraoperative detection. Furthermore, they can balance the absence of tactile feedback and help recognize intrahepatic biliary or vascular structures during parenchymal transection. In addition, the robotic system presents the advantage of creating a hybrid interface in which pre- and intra-operative imaging tools could be exploited alone or together in order to guide surgical resection.
  • 452
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Augmented Reality in Minimally Invasive Surgery Procedures
Augmented reality (AR) technology is gaining increasing interest in the development of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedures. The main application areas can be divided into three main groups: Navigation, education and training, and user-environment interfaces. Although AR-guided navigation systems do not yet offer a precision advantage, benefits include improved ergonomics and visualization, as well as reduced surgical time and blood loss. Benefits are also seen in improved education and training conditions and improved user environment interfaces, which may indirectly influence MIS procedures. Controlled studies with large case numbers and standardized outcome parameters and reporting are lacking to confirm the added value for clinical use.
  • 229
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Augmented Reality in Surgery
Augmented reality (AR) is an innovative system that enhances the real world by superimposing virtual objects on reality. The application of AR in image-guided surgery (IGS) can be an increasingly important opportunity for the treatment of patients. In particular, AR allows one to see 3D images projected directly onto patients thanks to the use of special displays.
  • 653
  • 09 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Autologous Breast Reconstruction versus Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction
The autologous method for breast reconstruction has been determined by researchers throughout the field as providing comparable benefits and positive long-term outcomes with more natural results compared to implant-based breast reconstruction which can often result in firmer, less natural breast mounds and increase the risks associated with foreign material in the body. The traditional method of using the abdomen, thigh, or gluteus region as a donor site has been a suitable, if not preferred, option for patients undergoing unilateral or bilateral non-implant-based reconstruction. By utilizing the rectus abdominus, latissimus dorsi, transverse or diagonal upper gracilis, gluteal, or any other appropriate muscle flap with transposable vasculature, surgeons are able to recreate a warm, soft, and natural breast mound in the place of removed breast tissue and skin that may be necessary for patients with locally involved breast cancer.
  • 215
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Azoospermia
Azoospermia (a-, without + –zoo– » Greek zôion, animal + –spermia– » Greek sperma, sperm/seed) is defined by the absence of sperm in the ejaculate.
  • 916
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Melanoma
Malignant melanoma is one of the most common cancers in the world. In the disease’s early stages, treatment involves surgery, in advanced stages however, treatment options were once scarce. There has been a paradigm shift in advanced melanoma treatment with the introduction of immunotherapy and targeted therapies. Understanding the molecular pathways and their pathologic counterparts helped identifying specific biomarkers that lead to the development of specific targeted therapies.
  • 299
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Biomaterials-Based Regenerative Therapies for Intervertebral Disc
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause of low back pain and most spinal disorders. Recent advances in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering suggest the potential of biomaterial-based IVD regeneration therapies. These treatments may be indicated for patients with IVDs in the intermediate degenerative stage, a point where the number of viable cells decreases, and the structural integrity of the disc begins to collapse.
  • 473
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Breast Implant Illness
Breast implant illness refers to a combination of different symptoms related to breast implant surgery, including fatigue, brain fog, and arthralgias. This malaise occurs after cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgeries, although it has not been proven to be a disease. Complications associated with breast implants include breast pain, capsular contracture, infections, as well as other manifestations specific to breast reconstruction. 
  • 1.9K
  • 26 May 2022
Topic Review
C-Arm-Free Minimally Invasive Technique for Spinal Surgery
C-arm-free MIS techniques can offer significantly reduced rates of postoperative complications such as inadequate decompression, blood loss, and instrumentation misplacement. Another advantageous long-term aspect is the notably diminished exposure to radiation, which is known to cause malignant changes. 
  • 235
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Cardiothoracic Surgical Critical Care Medicine
Cardiothoracic surgical critical care medicine (CT-CCM) is a medical discipline centered on the perioperative care of diverse groups of patients. With an aging demographic and an increase in burden of chronic diseases the utilization of cardiothoracic surgical critical care units is likely to escalate. Given these projections, it is important to assess the state of cardiothoracic surgical intensive care, to develop goals and objectives for the future, and to identify knowledge gaps in need of scientific inquiry.
  • 548
  • 09 Jan 2023
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