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Topic Review
Weight Regain after Metabolic Surgery
Patients undergoing metabolic surgery have factors ranging from anatomo-surgical, endocrine metabolic, eating patterns and physical activity, mental health and psychological factors. Some of the latter can explain the possible pathophysiological neuroendocrine, metabolic, and adaptive mechanisms that cause the high prevalence of weight regain in postbariatric patients.
  • 62
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
AI Applications in Drug Discovery
The drug discovery and development process is very lengthy, highly expensive, and extremely complex in nature. Considering the time and cost constraints associated with conventional drug discovery, new methods must be found to enhance the declining efficiency of traditional approaches. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool that harnesses anthropomorphic knowledge and provides expedited solutions to complex challenges. Advancements in AI and machine learning (ML) techniques have revolutionized their applications to drug discovery and development. 
  • 84
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Sources of Antinociceptive Non-Opioid Active Principles
Pain is associated with many health problems and a reduced quality of life and has been a common reason for seeking medical attention. Several therapeutics are available on the market, although side effects, physical dependence, and abuse limit their use. As the process of pain transmission and modulation is regulated by different peripheral and central mechanisms and neurotransmitters, medicinal chemistry continues to study novel ligands and innovative approaches. Among them, natural products are known to be a rich source of lead compounds for drug discovery due to their chemical structural variety and different analgesic mechanisms.
  • 60
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Role of Orexins in Regulation of Stress Response
The orexin/hypocretin neuropeptide family has emerged as a focal point of neuroscientific research following the discovery that this family plays a crucial role in a variety of physiological and behavioral processes. These neuropeptides serve as powerful neuromodulators, intricately shaping autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses across species. Notably, they serve as master regulators of vigilance and stress responses; however, their roles in food intake, metabolism, and thermoregulation appear complementary and warrant further investigation.
  • 136
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Disease Management of Quercetin and Its Natural Derivatives
Sepsis is a syndrome of organ dysfunction caused by an uncontrolled inflammatory response, which can seriously endanger life. There is still a shortage of specific therapeutic drugs. Quercetin and its natural derivatives have received a lot of attention recently for their potential in treating sepsis. 
  • 74
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Genetic and Epigenetic Aspects of T1DM
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a polygenic multifactorial disease based on immune-mediated or idiopathic destruction of pancreatic β-cells resulting in absolute insulin deficiency. T1DM is the most common form of diabetes in children and adolescents worldwide.
  • 90
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Kaempferol Protection against Brain Damage
Kaempferol, a flavonoid present in many food products, has chemical and cellular antioxidant properties that are beneficial for protection against the oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Kaempferol administration to model experimental animals can provide extensive protection against brain damage of the striatum and proximal cortical areas induced by transient brain cerebral ischemic stroke and by 3-nitropropionic acid.
  • 57
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Perinatal Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatment
Stem cells exert neuroprotective and neurodegenerative benefits through different mechanisms, such as the secretion of neurotrophic factors, cell replacement, the activation of endogenous stem cells, and decreased neuroinflammation. Several sources of stem cells have been proposed for transplantation and the restoration of damaged tissue. Over recent decades, intensive research has focused on gestational stem cells considered a novel resource for cell transplantation therapy. 
  • 56
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Oxidative Inhibition of PTEN by Reactive Oxygen Species
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor due to its ability to regulate cell survival, growth, and proliferation by downregulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. In addition, PTEN plays an essential role in other physiological events associated with cell growth demands, such as ischemia-reperfusion, nerve injury, and immune responsiveness.
  • 91
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Ivacaftor (VX-770)
Ivacaftor possesses a molecular structure characterized by the presence of an N-(2,4-di-tert-butyl-5-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxamide moiety. The quinolone scaffold within its composition is a crucial pharmacophore, significantly influencing drug discovery. This scaffold holds prominence as one of the primary classes of nitrogen-containing heterocycles found in various biologically active compounds and blockbuster drugs, as highlighted in the literature. The amide group serves as a crucial link between the “privileged building block” and the di-tert-butylphenol in ivacaftor’s structure. This linkage is of considerable importance in medicinal chemistry due to its multifaceted role.
  • 102
  • 17 Feb 2024
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