Topic Review
Grinding Media in Ball Mills for Mineral Processing
The ball mill is a rotating cylindrical vessel with grinding media inside, which is responsible for breaking the ore particles. Grinding media play an important role in the comminution of mineral ores in these mills.
  • 266
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
The γ” Phase in Mg-RE-TM Alloys
In magnesium–rare earth–transition metal (Mg-RE-TM) alloys, the γ” phase (with a hexagonal structure with the space group P6¯2m) is a critical strengthening phase that can significantly improve their mechanical properties. However, compared to other phases in Mg-RE-TM alloys, research on the γ” phase is less documented, and an understanding of the γ” phase is not well established
  • 165
  • 22 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Four Effects of High-Entropy Alloys
As a new type of alloy with high hardness, high heat resistance, strong corrosion resistance, high wear resistance and fatigue resistance, high-entropy alloys are different from any existing traditional alloy. As a new alloy system, high-entropy alloys have important research value and broad application prospects. Therefore, the design, preparation and application of high-entropy alloys have become an important direction for the development of new materials.
  • 252
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Fabrication Approaches of Abrasion–Corrosion-Resistant High-Chromium White Cast Irons
There is a huge demand for high-performance materials in extreme environments involving wear and corrosion. High chromium white cast irons (HCWCIs) display better performance than many materials since they are of sufficient hardness for wear protection and can be tailored in chemical compositions to improve corrosion resistance; however, their performance is often still inadequate.
  • 90
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Accelerating Methods on Gas Nitriding
Gas nitriding, as a surface modification technology to improve the wear resistance of workpiece surfaces, is widely used in wind turbine gears, pressure vessel gears, high-precision die casting abrasives, and other areas. However, the gas nitriding time is too long, reaching 40–60 h, which reduces the efficiency of nitriding and hinders the development of gas nitriding. Therefore, various accelerating methods are born accordingly. There are five common accelerating methods are summarized: process parameter optimization, surface mechanical nano-crystallization, surface-active catalysis, surface pre-oxidation, and surface laser treatment. 
  • 381
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Rare-Earth Magnets
Permanent magnets today are used in a wide range of transportation, industrial, residential/commercial, consumer electronics, defense, domestic, data storage, wind energy, and medical markets and applications.
  • 191
  • 30 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Tribocorrosion Behavior of Aluminum Alloys
Tribocorrosion is a material degradation process caused by the combined effect of wear and corrosion. The complexity of tribocorrosion lies in the fact that the chemical and mechanical attacks are not independent of each other but often act synergistically to cause accelerated failure.
  • 204
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Inclusions and Segregations in the Selective Laser-Melted Alloys
During the manufacturing process, various defects can occur in metals, which can negatively impact their mechanical properties and structural integrities. These defects include gas pores, lack of fusions, keyholes, melt pools, cracks, inclusions, and segregations.
  • 176
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Electrically Conductive and Thermally Conductive Lubricants
Electrically as well as thermally conductive lubricants have drawn considerable attention and are an emerging research topic because they have unique advantages and advanced lubrication performance over traditional lubricants such as corrosion protection and efficient heat dissipation. For instance, some components of electric vehicles (EVs) such as bearings, seals, pads and gears require conductive lubricants to avoid premature failure and electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems due to induced shaft voltages and currents.
  • 178
  • 18 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Lithium Production and Recovery Methods
The first step of hydrometallurgical treatment is leaching, which is an effective method capable of transferring over 99% of the present metals to the leach solutions. Extraction of metals after leaching can be conducted using various methods, with precipitation being the most commonly used. The precipitation of other metals can result in the co-precipitation of lithium, causing total lithium losses up to 30%. To prevent such losses, solvent extraction methods are used to selectively remove elements, such as Co, Ni, Al, and Mn. Solvent extraction (SX) is highly effective, reducing the losses to 3% per extraction stage and reducing overall lithium losses to 15%. After the refining, lithium is precipitated as lithium carbonate. High lithium carbonate solubility (1.5 g/L) and high liquid to solid leaching ratios require costly and avoidable operations to be implemented in order to enhance lithium concentration. Therefore, it is suggested that more studies should focus on multistage leaching with lower L/S ratios.
  • 374
  • 14 Jul 2023
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