Topic Review
Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Detection
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a prominent cardiac biomarker, has gained significant recognition for its role in the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure (HF). This biomarker is synthesized as a response to ventricular volume expansion and pressure overload, conditions often indicative of cardiac stress and dysfunction. The detection of NT-ProBNP, a crucial biomarker for cardiovascular diseases, has been significantly enhanced by the integration of nanomaterials into biosensor designs. These advancements leverage the unique properties of nanomaterials to achieve high sensitivity and specificity in NT-ProBNP detection. 
  • 72
  • 29 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Linear Energy Transfer Effects on Cystamine’s Radioprotective Activity
Radioprotective agents are increasingly drawing attention for their potential uses in various critical fields.  These include radiotherapy, which is crucial in cancer treatment, as well as public health medicine to safeguard against the health impacts of radiation.  Moreover, they are vital in emergency scenarios involving massive accidental radiation exposure or impending radiological crises.  Among these agents, cystamine, an organic diamino–disulfide compound, is particularly noted for its dual capabilities: it acts as a shield against radiation damage and also functions as a potent antioxidant.
  • 99
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Applications of Valuable Compounds from Fermented Residues
Significant amounts of fermented food waste are generated worldwide, promoting an abundance of residual biomass that can be used as raw material to extract bioactive peptides, fermentable sugars, polyphenols, and valuable compounds for synthesizing bioproducts. Therefore, generating these high-value-added products reduces the environmental impact caused by waste disposal and increases the industrial economic value of the final products. The fermentation process favors the synthesis of products with high added value. However, the use of fermentation also leads to the production of fermentative residues containing metabolites, extracellular enzymes, and other byproducts generated by microbiological metabolism. 
  • 351
  • 04 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Nanobiosensors in Pathogen Detection in Water and Food
Food and waterborne illnesses are still a major concern in health and food safety areas. Methods based on biosensor devices have emerged as novel tools for faster detection of food and water pathogens, in contrast to traditional methods that are usually time-consuming and are unsuitable for large-scale monitoring. Biosensor devices can be summarized as devices that use biochemical reactions with a biorecognition section (isolated enzymes, antibodies, tissues, genetic materials, or aptamers) to detect pathogens. In most cases, biosensors are based on the correlation of electrical, thermal, or optical signals in the presence of pathogen biomarkers. The application of nano and molecular technologies allows the identification of pathogens in a faster and high-sensibility manner, at extremely low-pathogen concentrations. In fact, the integration of gold, silver, iron, and magnetic nanoparticles (NP) in biosensors has demonstrated an improvement in their detection functionality.
  • 188
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Bioremediation of Heavy Metals by the Genus Bacillus
Bioremediation agents include bacteria of the genus Bacillus, among others. The best-described species in terms of the bioremediation potential of Bacillus spp. Are B. subtilis, B. cereus, or B. thuringiensis. This bacterial genus has several bioremediation strategies, including biosorption, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-mediated biosorption, bioaccumulation, or bioprecipitation. Due to the above-mentioned strategies, Bacillus spp. strains can reduce the amounts of metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, arsenic or nickel in the environment. 
  • 321
  • 27 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Enzyme Immobilization Techniques
Researchers have explored the technique of enzyme immobilization as a means to overcome limitations that free enzymes encounter, including reduced performance, high costs, and impracticality for large-scale applications. Enzymatic treatment offers a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional physicochemical treatment methods, such as adsorption, coagulation, and advanced oxidation processes. Free enzymes are biodegradable, highly efficient, and selective biological catalysts that can operate under mild conditions, thus reducing energy consumption and minimizing the generation of harmful byproducts.
  • 1.0K
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Aβ Detection by Electrochemical Sensors
Alzheimer’s disease has taken the spotlight as a neurodegenerative disease which has caused crucial issues to both society and the economy. Specifically, aging populations in developed countries face an increasingly serious problem due to the increasing budget for patient care and an inadequate labor force, and therefore a solution is urgently needed. Diverse techniques for the detection of Alzheimer’s biomarkers have been researched and developed to support early diagnosis and treatment. Among them, electrochemical biosensors and electrode modification proved their effectiveness in the detection of the Aβ biomarker at appropriately low concentrations for practice and point-of-care application. 
  • 150
  • 22 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Ionic Liquids Used in Dissolution of Cellulose
Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer, which has attracted great attention due to the demand for eco-friendly and sustainable materials. The sustainability of cellulose products also depends on the selection of the dissolution solvent.
  • 248
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Plant Extract-Mediated Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles
Eucalyptus globulus (EG) is an endemic plant in Australia that is widely found throughout the world. It is the main source of botanical essential oils and is well-recognized in pharmacopeia around the globe. In the plant-assisted fabrication of nanoparticles, the salt solution and extract are simply mixed at room temperature or slightly high temperature, resulting in the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) within minutes.
  • 291
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Advantages and Prospects for In Vitro PHA Synthesis
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a series of structurally diverse storage polyesters that are accumulated by various bacterial species and stored intracellularly in the form of granules. They primarily act as carbon and energy storage compounds to sustain cell survival during starvation.
  • 340
  • 30 May 2023
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